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systems- neuro- oc > Muscles of the Eye > Flashcards

Muscles of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

what is intorsion?

A

when the top of the eyeball rotates towards the nose

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2
Q

what is extortion?

A

when the top of the eyeball rotates away from the nose

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3
Q

what is the action of the MR?

A

adduction

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4
Q

what is the action of LR

A

abduction

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5
Q

what are the actions of the SR

A

elevation, adduction, intorsion

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6
Q

what are the actioins of IR

A

depression, adduction, extorsion

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7
Q

what are the actions of SO

A

intorsion, depression, abduction

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8
Q

what are the actions of IO

A

extortion, elevation and abduction

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9
Q

why do some muscles have more than one action?

A

The muscles are attached along the orbital axis and not the optical axis, so they pull on the eyeball at an angle

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10
Q

what is important about the attahcments of the oblique muscles?

A

they are attached to the posterior part of the sclera, so they pull the posterior part of the eyeball up/down and the anterior part moves in the opposite direction

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11
Q

what is the only elevator of the abducted eye?

A

SR

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12
Q

in the adducted position, does the recti or obliques elevate/depress the eye?

A

obliques

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13
Q

in the abducted position, does the recti or obliques elevate/depress the eye?

A

recti

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14
Q

what is esotropia?

A

manifest convergent squint

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15
Q

what is exotropia?

A

manifest divergent squint

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16
Q

what are the functional consequences of a squint?

A

amblyopia and diplopia

17
Q

what is amblyopia?

A

(lazy eye) where brain supresses the image of one eye leading to poor vision in that eye without any pathology

18
Q

what is diplopia?

A

(double vision) – usually occurs in squints occuring as a result of nerve palsies.

19
Q

what type of innervation does increased illumination cause?

A

parasympathetic, both pupils constrict

20
Q

what type of innervation does decreased illumination cause?

A

sympathetic, both pupils dilate

21
Q

what is anisocoria?

A

when pupils may be different sizes

22
Q

what are the causes of absent/abnormal pupillary reflex

A

Diseases of the retina – detachment/ degenerations or dystrophies
Diseases of the optic nerve – such as in optic neuritis (frequently seen in MS)
Diseases of the III cranial nerve

23
Q

signs of horners syndrome

A

Anisocoria
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis

systems- neuro- oc (51 decks)

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