Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System

Question 1

what are neurons?

Answer 1

Structural and functional unit
Excitable cells
Impulses carried as action potentials

Question 2

what are glial cells?

Answer 2

Non-excitable supporting cells

Much smaller than neurons

Question 3

Which of these describes
A typical neuron:

Multiple dendrites, one axon
Multiple axons, 1 dendrite

Answer 3

multiple dentrites, one axon

Question 4

Which of these choices describes a typical neuron:

in either direction across a neuron

in only one direction from synaptic terminals to cell body

in only one direction from cell body to synaptic terminal

Answer 4

in only one direction from cell body to synaptic terminal

Question 5

what are dentrites stimulated by?

Answer 5

environmental changes or the activities of other cells

Question 6

what does the cell body of a neuron contain?

Answer 6

contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles

Question 7

function of the axon

Answer 7

conducts nerve impulse toward synaptic terminals

Question 8

function of the synaptic terminal

Answer 8

affect another neutron or effector organ

Question 9

what are the different types of neutrons?

Answer 9

multipolar, bipolar and pseudounipolar

Question 10

true or false:

neurons have a low metabolic rate

Answer 10

false they have a high

Question 11

function of a myelin sheath

Answer 11

increase conduction speed in axons by saltatory conduction

Question 12

what is the myelin sheath formed by?

Answer 12

schwaan cells in PNS and oligodentricytes in CNS

Question 13

what does a loss/scarring of myelin sheath cause?

Answer 13

nerve conduction across affected axons which are abnormal

Question 14

what is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 14

protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain and prevents harmful amino acids and ions present in the bloodstream and blood cells from entering the brain

Question 15

what are the contents of a blood brain barrier

Answer 15

endothelium- tight junction
thick basal lamina
foot processes of astrocytes

Question 16

what circumventricular organs have the blood brain barrier?

Answer 16

parts of the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

Question 17

what other role does the blood brain barrier play?

Answer 17

major role in drug delivery to CNS. Drugs have to be lipid soluble or use suitable vectors

Question 18

what shape are the lateral ventricles and where do they lie?

Answer 18

C shaped and lie in the cerebral hemisphere

Question 19

what does the interventricular foramen connects with?

Answer 19

the 3rd ventricle- the cavity

Question 20

where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?

Answer 20

lies in the hindbrain

Question 21

what shape is the 4th ventricle?

Answer 21

diamond

Question 22

where does the 4th ventricle lie?

Answer 22

in hindbrain

Question 23

what are the ventricles called within the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 23

lateral ventricles

Question 24

what is the ventricle called within the diencephalon

Answer 24

III ventricle

Question 25

what is the ventricle called within the midbrain

Answer 25

cerebral aqueduct

Question 26

what is the ventricle called between pons and medulla and cerebellum?

Answer 26

IV ventricle

Question 27

what are the 3 meninges?

Answer 27

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 28

what is the texture of dura mater?

Answer 28

tough, fibrous and has dural folds

Question 29

what is significant about the pia mater?

Answer 29

its vascularised and dips into the folds of the brain

Question 30

what is the subdural space?

Answer 30

is a potential space which is tranversed by blood vessels penetrating intp the cns

Question 31

what dpes the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 31

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 32

what to some extent is responsible for the maintanence of the iintracrainial pressure?

Answer 32

CSF

Question 33

where is the CSF present?

Answer 33

inside ventricles and between pia and arachnoid

Question 34

where is the CSF formed?

Answer 34

by choroid plexus in each ventricle

Question 35

where is the CSF absorbed?

Answer 35

by arachnoid villi into saggital sinus