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Dermatology (also gross but true) > Topical Medications > Flashcards

Topical Medications Flashcards

1
Q

will cause increased pain and stinging when used on hand eczema due to the alcohol base of the gel

A

glucocorticoid gel

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2
Q

may cause folliculitis secondary to its occlusive properties

A

treating a moist lesion with an ointment

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3
Q

determines the rate and strength at which the active ingredient is absorbed through the skin

A

vehicle (base)

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4
Q

In general, what type of preparations are used for acute and chronic inflammations?

A

acute-aqueous drying preparations. chronic-greasier, lubricating compounds

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5
Q

A progressive decrease in clinical response due to repetitive application of a drug. Body becomes tolerant to therapeutic effect

A

tachyphylaxis

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6
Q

Aid in absorbing moisture, decrease friction and help cover wide areas easily. Primarily used in intertriginous areas

A

powders

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7
Q

lotions with very minimal oil or solid content, but with active ingredients. (e.g. Visine)

A

solutions

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8
Q

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions (may cause pain and irritation on erosions and abrasions)

A

tinctures

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9
Q

Consist of suspension of powder in water considered least potent topical therapies. Considered drying and useful in hairy areas and to treat large areas

A

lotions

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10
Q

oils are dispersed in the water usually with surfactant (to make them miscible). leave a slight residue as the water evaporates

A

emollient lotions

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11
Q

Semisolid emulsions of oil in water about equal proportion. Penetrates the stratum corneum of the skin well

A

Creams

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12
Q

Downside to creams

A

cause more adverse reactions because of preservatives

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13
Q

Consist of water droplets suspended in the continuous phase of oil (mineral oil) or of inert bases such as petrolatum (Vaseline).

A

ointments

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14
Q

Why are ointments generally the most potent vehicle?

A

due to their occlusive effect

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15
Q

Transparent semisolid emulsion that liquefies on contact with skin, drying as a thin, greaseless, non-occlusive film. Consist of a hydrophilic base with water or acetone

A

gels

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16
Q

Type of lesions gels are useful for

A

exudative inflammation (poison ivy), scalp and hair-bearing areas, acne

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17
Q

Average total body application for different vehicles

A

30-60 grams for adults

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18
Q

Therapy of choice for most inflammatory conditions such as pruritic eruptions (dermatitis), hyperplastic disorders (psoriasis), infiltrative disorders (sarcoid)

A

topical glucocorticoids

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19
Q

Strongest steroid known to cause suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary system with only 2g

A

Clobetasol

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20
Q

Mildest of steroids that can be used for infants

A

hydrocortisone

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21
Q

Amount of potent steroid likely to cause hypothalamic-pituitary system suppression

A

> 50-100g weekly for longer than 2 wks

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22
Q

local adverse effects of topical corticosteroids that are reversible and irreversible

A

reversible-atrophy and telangiectasias. irreversible- striea distensae

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23
Q

Anatomic regions significantly more permeable to topical steroids

A

thin epidermis (genitals, cheek, forehead)

24
Q

Condition that increases absorption of topical steroids

A

increased skin hydration

25
Super-potent topical corticosteroid packaged as a cream vehicle
betamethasone dipropionate
26
used for severe dermatoses over non facial/nonintertiginous areas. Useful over the palms and soles.
super potent (class I) topical corticosteroid
27
appropriate for mild to moderate nonfacial/nonintertriginous dermatoses
intermediate to potent (class II-III) topical corticosteroids
28
should be considered when large areas are treated because of the likelihood of systemic absorption
mild-intermediate (class IV-V) topical corticosteroids
29
should be managed with mild strength topical steroids (class VI-VII)
eyelid and genital dermatoses
30
How much should you dispense for a dermatitis of the finger?
15 grams
31
should be treated for short one to two week intervals since these areas are most susceptible to atrophy, telangiectasia and acneiform eruption
facial, intertriginous, genital dermatoses
32
Level of topical steroid potency that should be avoided in children under 12
potent-super potent (class I-III)
33
Bacteriocidal against many gram-positive organisms (especially Strep) but inactive against most gram-negatives
Bacitracin ointment
34
Only topical antibacterial that may be used to treat impetigo due to Staph aureus and or Strep pyogens
Bactroban (Mupirocin) ointment or cream
35
Why do most dermatologists avoid neomycin even though it's effective against gram negatives and 50 times more active against staph?
responsible for a greater incidence of allergic contact sensitivity than any other topical antibiotic
36
Greater activity again Pseudomonas. More active against staph and group A beta-hemolytic strep
gentamycin ointment or cream
37
Use : 2nd / 3rd degree burns and chronic ulcers. Bacteriocidal against gram-positives (including Staph aureus), gram-negatives (including Pseudomonas) and Candida albicans
silvadene (silver sulfadiazine)
38
CI to silvadene (silver sulfadiazine)
sulfa allergy
39
Good activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Water based gel and lotion formulations are well tolerated and less likely to cause irritation
clindamycin
40
Has activity against anaerobes and is used in the treatment of Rosacea. Topical use not recommended for pregnant women, nursing mothers and children.
metronidazole (metrogel, metrocream, metrolotion)
41
Used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. CI in patients with sulfa allergy
sodium sulfacetamide
42
Used in the treatment of Candida infections of the skin and mucous membranes. Polyene class
nystatin
43
OTC 1% crm effective for dermatophyte infections that belongs to allylamine class
terbinafine (lamisil)
44
OTC 2% crm/lotion/suppository used primarily to treat vaginal infections due to Candida albicans but can be used to treat tineas
Miconazole (Monistat, Micatin)
45
Rx 2% Cream-Used in the treatment of tinea infections and tinea versicolor & candida 2% Shampoo- Used in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
ketoconazole (nizoral)
46
daily application to affected area will result in clearing of superficial dermatophyte infections in 2-3 weeks. Three or four applications will treat paronychial and intertriginous candidiases
imidazole
47
Broad spectrum hydroxypyridine antifungal agent | 1% cream/lotion: Used for dermatophytes, C. albicans and tinea versicolor.
Ciclopirox Oxamine (Loprox)
48
OTC 1% and 2.5% solutions used to treat seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff and tinea versicolor
Selenium sulfide (Selsun, Exsel)
49
Used to treat mild to moderate inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne. can be safely used for years. Side effects include lightening of skin
azelaic acid
50
Kills P. acnes and increases effectiveness of topical erythromycin and clindamycin while reduceing likelihood of patient developing resistance. no anti-inflammatory abilities
benzoyl peroxide
51
Prescribed to treat acne ranging from mild to moderately severe. derivative of vitamin A. Work to unclog pores and prevent whiteheads and blackheads from forming
topical retinoids (retinoic acid aka Retin-A)
52
Patient education for topical retinoids
minimize sun exposure and protective sunscreen
53
Result of applying Dapsone with benzyl peroxide
can turn skin orange
54
effectively clear acne in women by suppressing the overactive sebaceous glands and can be used as long-term acne therapy
oral contraceptives
55
Medication of choice for children to treat lice and scabies
Permethrin cream
56
Taken by mouth in two doses given a week apart also is effective and is especially helpful for severe lice/scabies infestations in people with a weakened immune system
ivermectin (stromectol)
57
used for mild to moderate onychomycosis of fingernails and toes
8% Penlac nail lacquer

Dermatology (also gross but true) (12 decks)

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