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Dermatology (also gross but true) > Topical Medications > Flashcards

Topical Medications Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

will cause increased pain and stinging when used on hand eczema due to the alcohol base of the gel

A

glucocorticoid gel

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2
Q

may cause folliculitis secondary to its occlusive properties

A

treating a moist lesion with an ointment

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3
Q

determines the rate and strength at which the active ingredient is absorbed through the skin

A

vehicle (base)

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4
Q

In general, what type of preparations are used for acute and chronic inflammations?

A

acute-aqueous drying preparations. chronic-greasier, lubricating compounds

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5
Q

A progressive decrease in clinical response due to repetitive application of a drug. Body becomes tolerant to therapeutic effect

A

tachyphylaxis

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6
Q

Aid in absorbing moisture, decrease friction and help cover wide areas easily. Primarily used in intertriginous areas

A

powders

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7
Q

lotions with very minimal oil or solid content, but with active ingredients. (e.g. Visine)

A

solutions

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8
Q

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions (may cause pain and irritation on erosions and abrasions)

A

tinctures

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9
Q

Consist of suspension of powder in water considered least potent topical therapies. Considered drying and useful in hairy areas and to treat large areas

A

lotions

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10
Q

oils are dispersed in the water usually with surfactant (to make them miscible). leave a slight residue as the water evaporates

A

emollient lotions

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11
Q

Semisolid emulsions of oil in water about equal proportion. Penetrates the stratum corneum of the skin well

A

Creams

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12
Q

Downside to creams

A

cause more adverse reactions because of preservatives

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13
Q

Consist of water droplets suspended in the continuous phase of oil (mineral oil) or of inert bases such as petrolatum (Vaseline).

A

ointments

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14
Q

Why are ointments generally the most potent vehicle?

A

due to their occlusive effect

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15
Q

Transparent semisolid emulsion that liquefies on contact with skin, drying as a thin, greaseless, non-occlusive film. Consist of a hydrophilic base with water or acetone

A

gels

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16
Q

Type of lesions gels are useful for

A

exudative inflammation (poison ivy), scalp and hair-bearing areas, acne

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17
Q

Average total body application for different vehicles

A

30-60 grams for adults

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18
Q

Therapy of choice for most inflammatory conditions such as pruritic eruptions (dermatitis), hyperplastic disorders (psoriasis), infiltrative disorders (sarcoid)

A

topical glucocorticoids

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19
Q

Strongest steroid known to cause suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary system with only 2g

A

Clobetasol

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20
Q

Mildest of steroids that can be used for infants

A

hydrocortisone

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21
Q

Amount of potent steroid likely to cause hypothalamic-pituitary system suppression

A

> 50-100g weekly for longer than 2 wks

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22
Q

local adverse effects of topical corticosteroids that are reversible and irreversible

A

reversible-atrophy and telangiectasias. irreversible- striea distensae

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23
Q

Anatomic regions significantly more permeable to topical steroids

A

thin epidermis (genitals, cheek, forehead)

24
Q

Condition that increases absorption of topical steroids

A

increased skin hydration

25
Q

Super-potent topical corticosteroid packaged as a cream vehicle

A

betamethasone dipropionate

26
Q

used for severe dermatoses over non facial/nonintertiginous areas. Useful over the palms and soles.

A

super potent (class I) topical corticosteroid

27
Q

appropriate for mild to moderate nonfacial/nonintertriginous dermatoses

A

intermediate to potent (class II-III) topical corticosteroids

28
Q

should be considered when large areas are treated because of the likelihood of systemic absorption

A

mild-intermediate (class IV-V) topical corticosteroids

29
Q

should be managed with mild strength topical steroids (class VI-VII)

A

eyelid and genital dermatoses

30
Q

How much should you dispense for a dermatitis of the finger?

A

15 grams

31
Q

should be treated for short one to two week intervals since these areas are most susceptible to atrophy, telangiectasia and acneiform eruption

A

facial, intertriginous, genital dermatoses

32
Q

Level of topical steroid potency that should be avoided in children under 12

A

potent-super potent (class I-III)

33
Q

Bacteriocidal against many gram-positive organisms (especially Strep) but inactive against most gram-negatives

A

Bacitracin ointment

34
Q

Only topical antibacterial that may be used to treat impetigo due to Staph aureus and or Strep pyogens

A

Bactroban (Mupirocin) ointment or cream

35
Q

Why do most dermatologists avoid neomycin even though it’s effective against gram negatives and 50 times more active against staph?

A

responsible for a greater incidence of allergic contact sensitivity than any other topical antibiotic

36
Q

Greater activity again Pseudomonas. More active against staph and group A beta-hemolytic strep

A

gentamycin ointment or cream

37
Q

Use : 2nd / 3rd degree burns and chronic ulcers. Bacteriocidal against gram-positives (including Staph aureus), gram-negatives (including Pseudomonas) and Candida albicans

A

silvadene (silver sulfadiazine)

38
Q

CI to silvadene (silver sulfadiazine)

A

sulfa allergy

39
Q

Good activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Water based gel and lotion formulations are well tolerated and less likely to cause irritation

A

clindamycin

40
Q

Has activity against anaerobes and is used in the treatment of Rosacea. Topical use not recommended for pregnant women, nursing mothers and children.

A

metronidazole (metrogel, metrocream, metrolotion)

41
Q

Used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. CI in patients with sulfa allergy

A

sodium sulfacetamide

42
Q

Used in the treatment of Candida infections of the skin and mucous membranes. Polyene class

A

nystatin

43
Q

OTC 1% crm effective for dermatophyte infections that belongs to allylamine class

A

terbinafine (lamisil)

44
Q

OTC 2% crm/lotion/suppository used primarily to treat vaginal infections due to Candida albicans but can be used to treat tineas

A

Miconazole (Monistat, Micatin)

45
Q

Rx 2% Cream-Used in the treatment of tinea infections and tinea versicolor & candida
2% Shampoo- Used in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

A

ketoconazole (nizoral)

46
Q

daily application to affected area will result in clearing of superficial dermatophyte infections in 2-3 weeks. Three or four applications will treat paronychial and intertriginous candidiases

A

imidazole

47
Q

Broad spectrum hydroxypyridine antifungal agent

1% cream/lotion: Used for dermatophytes, C. albicans and tinea versicolor.

A

Ciclopirox Oxamine (Loprox)

48
Q

OTC 1% and 2.5% solutions used to treat seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff and tinea versicolor

A

Selenium sulfide (Selsun, Exsel)

49
Q

Used to treat mild to moderate inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne. can be safely used for years. Side effects include lightening of skin

A

azelaic acid

50
Q

Kills P. acnes and increases effectiveness of topical erythromycin and clindamycin while reduceing likelihood of patient developing resistance. no anti-inflammatory abilities

A

benzoyl peroxide

51
Q

Prescribed to treat acne ranging from mild to moderately severe. derivative of vitamin A. Work to unclog pores and prevent whiteheads and blackheads from forming

A

topical retinoids (retinoic acid aka Retin-A)

52
Q

Patient education for topical retinoids

A

minimize sun exposure and protective sunscreen

53
Q

Result of applying Dapsone with benzyl peroxide

A

can turn skin orange

54
Q

effectively clear acne in women by suppressing the overactive sebaceous glands and can be used as long-term acne therapy

A

oral contraceptives

55
Q

Medication of choice for children to treat lice and scabies

A

Permethrin cream

56
Q

Taken by mouth in two doses given a week apart also is effective and is especially helpful for severe lice/scabies infestations in people with a weakened immune system

A

ivermectin (stromectol)

57
Q

used for mild to moderate onychomycosis of fingernails and toes

A

8% Penlac nail lacquer

Dermatology (also gross but true) (12 decks)

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