Common Skin Disorders

Question 1

Mild flushing to deep reddened appearance with severe telangiectasias and soft tissue hypertrophy, w/ some burning or stinging

Answer 1

rosacea

Question 2

What do the following have in common: hot liquids, spicy foods, ETOH, sun exposure, extreme temps, vasodilating drugs, emotional factors?

Answer 2

aggravating factors of rosacea

Question 3

First line therapy for mild to moderate rosacea without papules or pustules

Answer 3

topical antibiotics (azelaic acid, metronidazole, erythromycin, clindamycin)

Question 4

Treatment for moderate to severe rosacea (papules, pustules, or ocular involvement)

Answer 4

systemic antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin)

Question 5

Can be a complication of rosacea. Soft tissue hypertrophy related to vasodilatation

Answer 5

rhinophyma

Question 6

generates inflammation associated with acne

Answer 6

colonization of follicle by Propionibacterium acnes

Question 7

Type of acne that is mainly comedones with an occasional small inflamed papule or pustule; no scarring present

Answer 7

type I

Question 8

Type of acne with comedones and more numerous papules and pustules (mainly facial); mild scarring

Answer 8

type II

Question 9

type of acne with numerous comedones, papules, and pustules, spreading to the back, chest, and shoulders, with an occasional “cyst” or nodule; moderate scarring

Answer 9

type III

Question 10

Type of acne with numerous large cysts on the face, neck, and upper trunk; severe scarring

Answer 10

type IV

Question 11

Treatment for type I acne

Answer 11

topical benzoyl peroxide

Question 12

Treatment for severe acne that should be monitored by dermatologist

Answer 12

isotretinion

Question 13

What type of keratolytics work better on dry faces and what works better on oily faces?

Answer 13

dry- creams. oily- ointments

Question 14

How long does it take before a patient will notice results from tretinoin (Retin-A)?

Answer 14

4-6 weeks

Question 15

What should be used to treat acne vulgaris if treatment with tretinoin (Retin-A) fails?

Answer 15

Azelaic 20% cream

Question 16

Reduces resistance against topical Rx antibiotics

Answer 16

concurrent use with benzoyl peroxide

Question 17

Requires negative pregnancy test prior to initiation of treatment and two forms of birth control at all times

Answer 17

isotretinion (Accutane)

Question 18

Most common pathogen of folliculitis

Answer 18

S. aureus

Question 19

Pathogen responsible for hot tub folliculitis

Answer 19

Pseudomonas

Question 20

Topical abx treatment for folliculitis

Answer 20

Mupirocin (Bactroban)

Question 21

Known as razor bumps. Common in Africans. Occurs when free ends of tightly coiled hairs reenter skin and cause a foreign body inflammatory response

Answer 21

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae

Question 22

Treatment for Pseudofolliculitis Barbae

Answer 22

grow beard

Question 23

flat, brown areas of skin that can be up to one inch in diameter. benign and painless. Caused by sun exposure

Answer 23

senile lentigo

Question 24

Very common benign warty, often scaly hyperpigmented lesion

epidermal lesions/tumors in the elderly. “Aging spots.”

Answer 24

Seborrheic Keratosis

Question 25

Topical tx for seborrheic keratosis

Answer 25

ammonium lactate, alpha hydroxy acids, or tazarotene crm

Question 26

Results from a clone of abnormal squamous cells caused by UV light-induced gene alteration. Premalignant scaly patches of hyperkeratosis w/surrounding erythema

Answer 26

actinic keratosis

Question 27

Percent of squamous cell carcinomas that arise from actinic keratosis

Answer 27

60%

Question 28

Treatment for actinic keratosis

Answer 28

nonhypertrophic- liquid nitrogen. hypertrophic- surgical curettage. multiple- topical 5-fluorouriacil (Efudex) or imiquimod (Aldara)

Question 29

Caused by HPV type 1, 6, 11 infection of epithelial tissue.

Answer 29

verruca (warts)

Question 30

Treatment for verruca

Answer 30

topical salicyclic acid, liquid nitrogen, imiquimod (Aldara)

Question 31

Caused by friction and pressure on the skin overlying bony prominences which eads to hyperemia, hypertrophy of dermal papillae, and proliferation of keratin

Answer 31

corns and calluses

Question 32

What is the difference between corns and calluses?

Answer 32

corns have central hard core that is painful whereas calluses don't have central core

Question 33

small flap of flesh-colored or slightly darker tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk. easily removed by cutting or cryotherapy

Answer 33

skin tag

Question 34

Contagious infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria. Red lesions that can break open, ooze. Develop a yellow-brown crust

Answer 34

impetigo

Question 35

superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, most commonly Tricophyton rubrum

Answer 35

tinea

Question 36

Describe the plaques associated with tinea

Answer 36

scaly plaques with raised erythematous edges and have a central clearing

Question 37

OTC topical antifungals for tinea corporis

Answer 37

Ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole

Question 38

Oral antifungal agent that is safe for children with tinea corporis

Answer 38

Griseofulvin

Question 39

May need to be added on to treatment for refractory cases of tinea corporis or in immunosuppressed/DM patients

Answer 39

diflucan

Question 40

Treatment for tinea pedis in macerated stage

Answer 40

Aluminum subacetate antifungal cream, Burow’s solution, and topical antifungals

Question 41

Treatment for tinea cruris

Answer 41

miconazole drying powder, terbinafine crm, oral terbinafine

Question 42

Treatment for tinea versicolor

Answer 42

topical selenium sulfide lotion and ketoconazole shampoo

Question 43

Tan or brown patches on the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. May go away but can be treated with bleaching. Sunscreen lessens severity

Answer 43

melasma

Question 44

Caused by parvovirus B19. Mild illness that resolves after 10-14 days

Answer 44

fifth disease (slapped cheek). aka erythema infectiosum

Question 45

When is fifth disease most contagious

Answer 45

week before rash appears

Question 46

Caused by coxsackie virus. Starts with fever, painful mouth sores, non-pruritic rash w/blisters. resolves in 7-10 days

Answer 46

hand-foot-mouth disease

Question 47

Caused by infection w/Group A strep. Fine rash that appears after fever is rough textured and blanches

Answer 47

scarlatina (scarlet fever)

Question 48

First line treatment of scarlatina (scarlet fever)

Answer 48

PCN, zithromax, biaxin, or ceftriaxone

Question 49

most common age 6 months to 2 years. Respiratory illness followed by high fever that is followed by pink rash that starts centrally

Answer 49

roseola

Question 50

The result of blocked sweat ducts. Looks like small red or pink pimples

Answer 50

Miliaria (heat rash)