Common Skin Disorders Flashcards
Mild flushing to deep reddened appearance with severe telangiectasias and soft tissue hypertrophy, w/ some burning or stinging
rosacea
What do the following have in common: hot liquids, spicy foods, ETOH, sun exposure, extreme temps, vasodilating drugs, emotional factors?
aggravating factors of rosacea
First line therapy for mild to moderate rosacea without papules or pustules
topical antibiotics (azelaic acid, metronidazole, erythromycin, clindamycin)
Treatment for moderate to severe rosacea (papules, pustules, or ocular involvement)
systemic antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin)
Can be a complication of rosacea. Soft tissue hypertrophy related to vasodilatation
rhinophyma
generates inflammation associated with acne
colonization of follicle by Propionibacterium acnes
Type of acne that is mainly comedones with an occasional small inflamed papule or pustule; no scarring present
type I
Type of acne with comedones and more numerous papules and pustules (mainly facial); mild scarring
type II
type of acne with numerous comedones, papules, and pustules, spreading to the back, chest, and shoulders, with an occasional “cyst” or nodule; moderate scarring
type III
Type of acne with numerous large cysts on the face, neck, and upper trunk; severe scarring
type IV
Treatment for type I acne
topical benzoyl peroxide
Treatment for severe acne that should be monitored by dermatologist
isotretinion
What type of keratolytics work better on dry faces and what works better on oily faces?
dry- creams. oily- ointments
How long does it take before a patient will notice results from tretinoin (Retin-A)?
4-6 weeks
What should be used to treat acne vulgaris if treatment with tretinoin (Retin-A) fails?
Azelaic 20% cream
Reduces resistance against topical Rx antibiotics
concurrent use with benzoyl peroxide
Requires negative pregnancy test prior to initiation of treatment and two forms of birth control at all times
isotretinion (Accutane)
Most common pathogen of folliculitis
S. aureus
Pathogen responsible for hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas
Topical abx treatment for folliculitis
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
Known as razor bumps. Common in Africans. Occurs when free ends of tightly coiled hairs reenter skin and cause a foreign body inflammatory response
Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
Treatment for Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
grow beard
flat, brown areas of skin that can be up to one inch in diameter. benign and painless. Caused by sun exposure
senile lentigo
Very common benign warty, often scaly hyperpigmented lesion
epidermal lesions/tumors in the elderly. “Aging spots.”
Seborrheic Keratosis
Topical tx for seborrheic keratosis
ammonium lactate, alpha hydroxy acids, or tazarotene crm
Results from a clone of abnormal squamous cells caused by UV light-induced gene alteration. Premalignant scaly patches of hyperkeratosis w/surrounding erythema
actinic keratosis
Percent of squamous cell carcinomas that arise from actinic keratosis
60%
Treatment for actinic keratosis
nonhypertrophic- liquid nitrogen. hypertrophic- surgical curettage. multiple- topical 5-fluorouriacil (Efudex) or imiquimod (Aldara)
Caused by HPV type 1, 6, 11 infection of epithelial tissue.
verruca (warts)
Treatment for verruca
topical salicyclic acid, liquid nitrogen, imiquimod (Aldara)
Caused by friction and pressure on the skin overlying bony prominences which eads to hyperemia, hypertrophy of dermal papillae, and proliferation of keratin
corns and calluses
What is the difference between corns and calluses?
corns have central hard core that is painful whereas calluses don’t have central core
small flap of flesh-colored or slightly darker tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk. easily removed by cutting or cryotherapy
skin tag
Contagious infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria. Red lesions that can break open, ooze. Develop a yellow-brown crust
impetigo
superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, most commonly Tricophyton rubrum
tinea
Describe the plaques associated with tinea
scaly plaques with raised erythematous edges and have a central clearing
OTC topical antifungals for tinea corporis
Ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole
Oral antifungal agent that is safe for children with tinea corporis
Griseofulvin
May need to be added on to treatment for refractory cases of tinea corporis or in immunosuppressed/DM patients
diflucan
Treatment for tinea pedis in macerated stage
Aluminum subacetate antifungal cream, Burow’s solution, and topical antifungals
Treatment for tinea cruris
miconazole drying powder, terbinafine crm, oral terbinafine
Treatment for tinea versicolor
topical selenium sulfide lotion and ketoconazole shampoo
Tan or brown patches on the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. May go away but can be treated with bleaching. Sunscreen lessens severity
melasma
Caused by parvovirus B19. Mild illness that resolves after 10-14 days
fifth disease (slapped cheek). aka erythema infectiosum
When is fifth disease most contagious
week before rash appears
Caused by coxsackie virus. Starts with fever, painful mouth sores, non-pruritic rash w/blisters. resolves in 7-10 days
hand-foot-mouth disease
Caused by infection w/Group A strep. Fine rash that appears after fever is rough textured and blanches
scarlatina (scarlet fever)
First line treatment of scarlatina (scarlet fever)
PCN, zithromax, biaxin, or ceftriaxone
most common age 6 months to 2 years. Respiratory illness followed by high fever that is followed by pink rash that starts centrally
roseola
The result of blocked sweat ducts. Looks like small red or pink pimples
Miliaria (heat rash)
