Topical Dosage Forms

Question 1

Topical dosage forms are meant for…

Answer 1

localized effects

Question 2

Semisolid dosage forms are intended for topical application to_____ or _____

Answer 2

skin; mucous membrane

Question 3

3 Types of ointments

Answer 3

• mediated
• non-mediated
• pastes

Question 4

examples of medicated ointments

Answer 4

itching, acne, athletes foot

-used as vehicle

Question 5

examples of nonmedicated ointments

Answer 5

vasoline

-used as emollient or lubricant

Question 6

examples of paste ointments

Answer 6

zine oxide paste

-large percentage of solid material

Question 7

What are the 4 classifications of ointments?

Answer 7

• oleaginous (hydrocarbon)
• absorption
• water-removable
• water-soluble

Question 8

HYDROCARBON BASES:

-3 types for Petrolatum alone

Answer 8

• liquid hydrocarbon
• semisolid hydrocarbon
• solid hydrocarbon

Question 9

HYDROCARBON BASES:

Liquid hydrocarbon–>

Answer 9

mineral oil

Question 10

HYDROCARBON BASES:

Semisolid hydrocarbon–>

Answer 10

yellow petrolatum –> if you decolorize you get white petrolatum

Question 11

HYDROCARBON BASES:

Solid hydrocarbon–>

Answer 11

paraffin wax

Question 12

You can change the viscosity of petrolatum by…

Answer 12

adding wax or mineral oil

Question 13

To make petrolatum more viscous

Answer 13

ADD wax

Question 14

To make petrolatum less viscous

Answer 14

ADD mineral oil

Question 15

T/F Oleaginous bases have BAD occlusive and emollient properties

Answer 15

FALSE: GOOD

Question 16

occlusive? emollient?

Answer 16

occlusive: blocks water loss
emollient: smoothing of the skin

Question 17

Yellow ointment is an example of…

Answer 17

hydrocarbon base

Question 18

absorption bases

Answer 18

w/o emulsion or an anhydrous base that can be converted to w/o emulsion

Question 19

What is an examples of a w/o emulsion?(2)

Answer 19

• Lanolin

- Cold Cream

Question 20

T/F There is NO emulsifying agent in cold cream.

Answer 20

TRUE (there is a reaction with free acids from waxes+ sodium borate = sodium soap (surfactant which is the emulsifier)

Question 21

Water removable bases are

Answer 21

• o/w emulsion

- easily wash off

Question 22

Parabens found in hydrophilic ointments act as

Answer 22

preservatives

Question 23

Sodium Alcohol and white petrolatum found in hydrophilic ointments act as

Answer 23

oily components

Question 24

Sodium Lauryl sulfate found in hydrophilic ointments act as

Answer 24

emulsifying agent

Question 25

water soluble bases (2)

Answer 25

- greaseless bases | - polyethylene glycol ointment (PEG 3350 and PEG 400)

Question 26

viscous

Answer 26

having a thick, sticky consistency

Question 27

How can ointments be prepared? (2)

Answer 27

- incorporation | - fusion

Question 28

Geometric dilution and/or legivation are included in which ointment preparation?

Answer 28

incorporation | legivation: reduce particle size by mixing with a vehicle in which the drug is not soluble

Question 29

FUSION preparation of ointments

Answer 29

the melting point will be lower than the highest individual component when melted separately

Question 30

Products applied topically should be free of _____ and ______

Answer 30

P aeruginosa | S aureus

Question 31

Products intended for rectal, urethral, or vaginal use should be tested for____ and ______

Answer 31

yeast and molds

Question 32

T/F Ointments DO NOT have to be sterile

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

T/F ALL emulsion forms of ointments require an antimicrobial agent

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

The ointments tubes are usually in packages made of HDPE

Answer 34

high density polyethylene

Question 35

Vanishing cream is an example of

Answer 35

o/w emulsion

Question 36

Gels can be made of _____ or _____

Answer 36

carbopols (carbomers) | hydroxyethylcellulose

Question 37

_______ is ONLY a neutralizing agent for carbopol gel

Answer 37

sodium hydroxide

Question 38

Isopropyl myristate is a ______ in gels

Answer 38

chemical enhancer

Question 39

4 Types of Irritation testing

Answer 39

- chromameter (measures changes in skin color) - transepidermal water loss - animal testing - cell culture