Topical Dosage Forms Flashcards
Topical dosage forms are meant for…
localized effects
Semisolid dosage forms are intended for topical application to_____ or _____
skin; mucous membrane
3 Types of ointments
- mediated
- non-mediated
- pastes
examples of medicated ointments
itching, acne, athletes foot
-used as vehicle
examples of nonmedicated ointments
vasoline
-used as emollient or lubricant
examples of paste ointments
zine oxide paste
-large percentage of solid material
What are the 4 classifications of ointments?
- oleaginous (hydrocarbon)
- absorption
- water-removable
- water-soluble
HYDROCARBON BASES:
-3 types for Petrolatum alone
- liquid hydrocarbon
- semisolid hydrocarbon
- solid hydrocarbon
HYDROCARBON BASES:
Liquid hydrocarbon–>
mineral oil
HYDROCARBON BASES:
Semisolid hydrocarbon–>
yellow petrolatum –> if you decolorize you get white petrolatum
HYDROCARBON BASES:
Solid hydrocarbon–>
paraffin wax
You can change the viscosity of petrolatum by…
adding wax or mineral oil
To make petrolatum more viscous
ADD wax
To make petrolatum less viscous
ADD mineral oil
T/F Oleaginous bases have BAD occlusive and emollient properties
FALSE: GOOD
occlusive? emollient?
occlusive: blocks water loss
emollient: smoothing of the skin
Yellow ointment is an example of…
hydrocarbon base
absorption bases
w/o emulsion or an anhydrous base that can be converted to w/o emulsion
What is an examples of a w/o emulsion?(2)
- Lanolin
- Cold Cream
T/F There is NO emulsifying agent in cold cream.
TRUE (there is a reaction with free acids from waxes+ sodium borate = sodium soap (surfactant which is the emulsifier)
Water removable bases are
- o/w emulsion
- easily wash off
Parabens found in hydrophilic ointments act as
preservatives
Sodium Alcohol and white petrolatum found in hydrophilic ointments act as
oily components
Sodium Lauryl sulfate found in hydrophilic ointments act as
emulsifying agent
water soluble bases (2)
- greaseless bases
- polyethylene glycol ointment (PEG 3350 and PEG 400)
viscous
having a thick, sticky consistency
How can ointments be prepared? (2)
- incorporation
- fusion
Geometric dilution and/or legivation are included in which ointment preparation?
incorporation
legivation: reduce particle size by mixing with a vehicle in which the drug is not soluble
FUSION preparation of ointments
the melting point will be lower than the highest individual component when melted separately
Products applied topically should be free of _____ and ______
P aeruginosa
S aureus
Products intended for rectal, urethral, or vaginal use should be tested for____ and ______
yeast and molds
T/F Ointments DO NOT have to be sterile
TRUE
T/F ALL emulsion forms of ointments require an antimicrobial agent
TRUE
The ointments tubes are usually in packages made of HDPE
high density polyethylene
Vanishing cream is an example of
o/w emulsion
Gels can be made of _____ or _____
carbopols (carbomers)
hydroxyethylcellulose
_______ is ONLY a neutralizing agent for carbopol gel
sodium hydroxide
Isopropyl myristate is a ______ in gels
chemical enhancer
4 Types of Irritation testing
- chromameter (measures changes in skin color)
- transepidermal water loss
- animal testing
- cell culture
