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Pharmaceutics Spring 2016 > Topical Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Topical Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Topical dosage forms are meant for…

A

localized effects

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2
Q

Semisolid dosage forms are intended for topical application to_____ or _____

A

skin; mucous membrane

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3
Q

3 Types of ointments

A
  • mediated
  • non-mediated
  • pastes
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4
Q

examples of medicated ointments

A

itching, acne, athletes foot

-used as vehicle

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5
Q

examples of nonmedicated ointments

A

vasoline

-used as emollient or lubricant

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6
Q

examples of paste ointments

A

zine oxide paste

-large percentage of solid material

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7
Q

What are the 4 classifications of ointments?

A
  • oleaginous (hydrocarbon)
  • absorption
  • water-removable
  • water-soluble
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8
Q

HYDROCARBON BASES:

-3 types for Petrolatum alone

A
  • liquid hydrocarbon
  • semisolid hydrocarbon
  • solid hydrocarbon
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9
Q

HYDROCARBON BASES:

Liquid hydrocarbon–>

A

mineral oil

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10
Q

HYDROCARBON BASES:

Semisolid hydrocarbon–>

A

yellow petrolatum –> if you decolorize you get white petrolatum

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11
Q

HYDROCARBON BASES:

Solid hydrocarbon–>

A

paraffin wax

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12
Q

You can change the viscosity of petrolatum by…

A

adding wax or mineral oil

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13
Q

To make petrolatum more viscous

A

ADD wax

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14
Q

To make petrolatum less viscous

A

ADD mineral oil

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15
Q

T/F Oleaginous bases have BAD occlusive and emollient properties

A

FALSE: GOOD

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16
Q

occlusive? emollient?

A

occlusive: blocks water loss
emollient: smoothing of the skin

17
Q

Yellow ointment is an example of…

A

hydrocarbon base

18
Q

absorption bases

A

w/o emulsion or an anhydrous base that can be converted to w/o emulsion

19
Q

What is an examples of a w/o emulsion?(2)

A
  • Lanolin

- Cold Cream

20
Q

T/F There is NO emulsifying agent in cold cream.

A

TRUE (there is a reaction with free acids from waxes+ sodium borate = sodium soap (surfactant which is the emulsifier)

21
Q

Water removable bases are

A
  • o/w emulsion

- easily wash off

22
Q

Parabens found in hydrophilic ointments act as

A

preservatives

23
Q

Sodium Alcohol and white petrolatum found in hydrophilic ointments act as

A

oily components

24
Q

Sodium Lauryl sulfate found in hydrophilic ointments act as

A

emulsifying agent

25
Q

water soluble bases (2)

A
  • greaseless bases

- polyethylene glycol ointment (PEG 3350 and PEG 400)

26
Q

viscous

A

having a thick, sticky consistency

27
Q

How can ointments be prepared? (2)

A
  • incorporation

- fusion

28
Q

Geometric dilution and/or legivation are included in which ointment preparation?

A

incorporation

legivation: reduce particle size by mixing with a vehicle in which the drug is not soluble

29
Q

FUSION preparation of ointments

A

the melting point will be lower than the highest individual component when melted separately

30
Q

Products applied topically should be free of _____ and ______

A

P aeruginosa

S aureus

31
Q

Products intended for rectal, urethral, or vaginal use should be tested for____ and ______

A

yeast and molds

32
Q

T/F Ointments DO NOT have to be sterile

A

TRUE

33
Q

T/F ALL emulsion forms of ointments require an antimicrobial agent

A

TRUE

34
Q

The ointments tubes are usually in packages made of HDPE

A

high density polyethylene

35
Q

Vanishing cream is an example of

A

o/w emulsion

36
Q

Gels can be made of _____ or _____

A

carbopols (carbomers)

hydroxyethylcellulose

37
Q

_______ is ONLY a neutralizing agent for carbopol gel

A

sodium hydroxide

38
Q

Isopropyl myristate is a ______ in gels

A

chemical enhancer

39
Q

4 Types of Irritation testing

A
  • chromameter (measures changes in skin color)
  • transepidermal water loss
  • animal testing
  • cell culture

Pharmaceutics Spring 2016 (20 decks)

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