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Pharmaceutics Spring 2016 > Aerosols > Flashcards

Aerosols Flashcards

1
Q

When we say deep lung inhalation, this means….

A

to the alveoli where there is a huge surface area

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2
Q

Propellants are used to…..

A

break the formulation into mist

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3
Q

What type of particles are required to reach the deep lung?

A

aerodynamic diameter

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4
Q

route of inhalation (4)

A

trachea–> bronchi–>bronchioles–>alveoli (tiny sacs)

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5
Q

aerodynamic diameter is also known as

A

mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)

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6
Q

There are ____ and _____ factors that affect particle deposition

A

pharmaceutical

physiological

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7
Q

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

  • size
  • density
  • shape
  • charge
A

pharmaceutical

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8
Q

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

  • breathing pattern
  • vasculature
  • lung anatomy
A

physiological

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9
Q

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

  • mucociliary clearance
  • coordination of aerosol generation and inspiration
A

physiological

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10
Q

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

  • velocity
  • device
  • pattern
  • dose
  • drug properties
A

pharmaceutical

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11
Q

advantages for inhaled drug (4)

A
  • rapid onset
  • huge surface area due to alveoli
  • reduce dosage and side effects
  • avoid first pass metabolism
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12
Q

What do aerosol depend on for power to disperse the active ingredients in a mist, foam, or semisolid? (2)

A

liquefied or compressed gas

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13
Q

The _____ and _____ are an integral part of the formulation for aerosols.

A

valve assembly

propellant

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14
Q

What does the particle size control for aerosols?

A 
the site of action
bigger particle (localized effect in trachea) to smaller particle (alveolar ducts and alveoli)
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15
Q

liquefied vs. compressed gas

A

liquefied: more powerful expansion power (broken up into fine mist)
compressed: more coarse/wet particles

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16
Q

T/F You DO need liquefied gas for semisolid aerosols

A

FALSE; do not

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17
Q

T/F There is no contamination of residual product; sterility is maintained without preservative

A

TRUE

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18
Q

T/F Dosage is controlled by metering valves in some aerosols

A

TRUE

19
Q

What is the story behind fluorinated hydrocarbons?

A

best for deep lung delivery, but they damage the ozone layer

extremely effective, relatively inert, nontoxic, and nonflammable

20
Q

Types of aerosol propellants? (2)

A
  • hydrocarbons

- compressed gas (do not give fine mist)

21
Q

What will happen to the pressure in an aerosol container as some product is released?

A
  • liquefied propellant is used: pressure remains constant

- compressed gas is used: pressure decrease because gas amount decreases

22
Q

Types of aerosol filling (2)

A
  • cold filling

- pressure filling

23
Q

When can cold filling be used?

A

product first then valve

-if it’s a known aqueous solution

24
Q

Which filling is most common in pharmaceutics?

A

pressure filling

-valve first then product

25
Q

______ of propellant exerts pressure in all directions

A

vapor pressure

26
Q

_____ this pressure forces the liquid up the dip tube and out the valve orifice

A

upon actuation of valve

27
Q

________ propellant vaporizes to break the formulation into a fine mist

A

upon release

28
Q

What controls the pressure/type of aerosol? (3)

A
  • type and amount of propellant
  • product concentrate
  • valve
29
Q

What happens when a drug is not mixable with the propellant?

A

it will break out into layers

30
Q

types of aerosols? (4)

A
  • space spray
  • surface spray
  • foams
  • inhalation aerosols
31
Q

types of aerosol?

  • a lot of propellant
  • high pressure
A

space spray (ex. deodorizer)

32
Q

types of aerosol?

dermatological spray

A

surface spray

33
Q

types of aerosol?

emulsion

A

foams (ex.shaving cream)

34
Q

types of liquid inhalers? (2)

A
  • metered dose inhaler

- nebulizer

35
Q

metered dose inhaler

A

-defined dose given (limited volume discharge)

36
Q

nebulizer (2)

A
  • no propellant instead have compressed air (used to break the drug solution into fine particles)
  • valve attached to external pump
37
Q

T/F CFC free MDI are available

A

TRUE

38
Q

A metered dose inhaler is designed to deliver an asthma medication-does it have to be sterile? Will it be single or multiple dose? preservative? How about a nebulizer?

A
  • YES because it is going into the lung system (lung is a delicate organ)
  • Multiple with no preservative due to positive pressure
  • Yes sterile, but no preservative due to external pump; single dose
39
Q

T/F Dry powder inhalers can deliver drugs to deep lung

A

TRUE

40
Q

What is an advantage of dry powder inhalers?

A

aerosol particles contain drug in very concentrated form allowing deliver of therapeutic dose in one or three puffs

41
Q

T/F Risk of microbial growth, which can cause lung infections, is LESS in liquids than in solids

A

FALSE: greater

42
Q

Aerosolization generates excessive air/water interface….

A

may lead to denaturation or aggregation (evaporation of droplets may cause increase in protein concentration)

43
Q

What is purpose of spacer?

A

to give the particles a longer time to break down before it gets to the mouth

Pharmaceutics Spring 2016 (20 decks)

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