Aerosols

Question 1

When we say deep lung inhalation, this means….

Answer 1

to the alveoli where there is a huge surface area

Question 2

Propellants are used to…..

Answer 2

break the formulation into mist

Question 3

What type of particles are required to reach the deep lung?

Answer 3

aerodynamic diameter

Question 4

route of inhalation (4)

Answer 4

trachea–> bronchi–>bronchioles–>alveoli (tiny sacs)

Question 5

aerodynamic diameter is also known as

Answer 5

mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)

Question 6

There are ____ and _____ factors that affect particle deposition

Answer 6

pharmaceutical

physiological

Question 7

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

• size
• density
• shape
• charge

Answer 7

pharmaceutical

Question 8

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

• breathing pattern
• vasculature
• lung anatomy

Answer 8

physiological

Question 9

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

• mucociliary clearance
• coordination of aerosol generation and inspiration

Answer 9

physiological

Question 10

Factor: pharmaceutical vs. physiological

• velocity
• device
• pattern
• dose
• drug properties

Answer 10

pharmaceutical

Question 11

advantages for inhaled drug (4)

Answer 11

• rapid onset
• huge surface area due to alveoli
• reduce dosage and side effects
• avoid first pass metabolism

Question 12

What do aerosol depend on for power to disperse the active ingredients in a mist, foam, or semisolid? (2)

Answer 12

liquefied or compressed gas

Question 13

The _____ and _____ are an integral part of the formulation for aerosols.

Answer 13

valve assembly

propellant

Question 14

What does the particle size control for aerosols?

Answer 14

the site of action
bigger particle (localized effect in trachea) to smaller particle (alveolar ducts and alveoli)

Question 15

liquefied vs. compressed gas

Answer 15

liquefied: more powerful expansion power (broken up into fine mist)
compressed: more coarse/wet particles

Question 16

T/F You DO need liquefied gas for semisolid aerosols

Answer 16

FALSE; do not

Question 17

T/F There is no contamination of residual product; sterility is maintained without preservative

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

T/F Dosage is controlled by metering valves in some aerosols

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

What is the story behind fluorinated hydrocarbons?

Answer 19

best for deep lung delivery, but they damage the ozone layer

extremely effective, relatively inert, nontoxic, and nonflammable

Question 20

Types of aerosol propellants? (2)

Answer 20

• hydrocarbons

- compressed gas (do not give fine mist)

Question 21

What will happen to the pressure in an aerosol container as some product is released?

Answer 21

• liquefied propellant is used: pressure remains constant

- compressed gas is used: pressure decrease because gas amount decreases

Question 22

Types of aerosol filling (2)

Answer 22

• cold filling

- pressure filling

Question 23

When can cold filling be used?

Answer 23

product first then valve

-if it’s a known aqueous solution

Question 24

Which filling is most common in pharmaceutics?

Answer 24

pressure filling

-valve first then product

Question 25

______ of propellant exerts pressure in all directions

Answer 25

vapor pressure

Question 26

_____ this pressure forces the liquid up the dip tube and out the valve orifice

Answer 26

upon actuation of valve

Question 27

________ propellant vaporizes to break the formulation into a fine mist

Answer 27

upon release

Question 28

What controls the pressure/type of aerosol? (3)

Answer 28

- type and amount of propellant - product concentrate - valve

Question 29

What happens when a drug is not mixable with the propellant?

Answer 29

it will break out into layers

Question 30

types of aerosols? (4)

Answer 30

- space spray - surface spray - foams - inhalation aerosols

Question 31

types of aerosol? - a lot of propellant - high pressure

Answer 31

space spray (ex. deodorizer)

Question 32

types of aerosol? | dermatological spray

Answer 32

surface spray

Question 33

types of aerosol? | emulsion

Answer 33

foams (ex.shaving cream)

Question 34

types of liquid inhalers? (2)

Answer 34

- metered dose inhaler | - nebulizer

Question 35

metered dose inhaler

Answer 35

-defined dose given (limited volume discharge)

Question 36

nebulizer (2)

Answer 36

- no propellant instead have compressed air (used to break the drug solution into fine particles) - valve attached to external pump

Question 37

T/F CFC free MDI are available

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

A metered dose inhaler is designed to deliver an asthma medication-does it have to be sterile? Will it be single or multiple dose? preservative? How about a nebulizer?

Answer 38

- YES because it is going into the lung system (lung is a delicate organ) - Multiple with no preservative due to positive pressure - Yes sterile, but no preservative due to external pump; single dose

Question 39

T/F Dry powder inhalers can deliver drugs to deep lung

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

What is an advantage of dry powder inhalers?

Answer 40

aerosol particles contain drug in very concentrated form allowing deliver of therapeutic dose in one or three puffs

Question 41

T/F Risk of microbial growth, which can cause lung infections, is LESS in liquids than in solids

Answer 41

FALSE: greater

Question 42

Aerosolization generates excessive air/water interface....

Answer 42

may lead to denaturation or aggregation (evaporation of droplets may cause increase in protein concentration)

Question 43

What is purpose of spacer?

Answer 43

to give the particles a longer time to break down before it gets to the mouth