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Pharmaceutics Spring 2016 > Nuclear Pharmacy > Flashcards

Nuclear Pharmacy Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Why is nuclear pharmacy specialized? (2)

A
  • deals with radioactive material

- radioactive material have a very short life span

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2
Q

_____ recognized nuclear pharmacy as a specialty practice in 1975

A

APhA

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3
Q

T/F In 1978 the Board of Pharmacy Specialities made nuclear pharmacy the SECOND specialty certification program

A

FALSE: FIRST

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4
Q

What 2 environments do nuclear pharmacists typically work?

A
  • institutional nuclear pharmacy (large medical center)

- commercial centralized pharmacy (off site)

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5
Q

Which environment is the most common for nuclear pharmacists to work in?

A

commercial centralized pharmacy

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6
Q

____ regulates nuclear pharmacy

A

NRC: Nuclear Regulatory Commission

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7
Q

What are the training requirements for nuclear pharmacy? (4)

A
  • registered pharmacist
  • board certified by BPS
  • Exam
  • 4000 hours training (classroom + practical training)
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8
Q

brachytherapy

A

placing radioactivity AT the site you are trying to destroy

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9
Q

T/F Brachytherapy is a NON-INVASIVE procedure

A

TRUE–> typically the theraseeds only have to be placed in the body ONCE

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10
Q

T/F If beta radiation is completed correctly, it is very localized

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Imaging uses _____ radiation

A

gamma (higher energy)–> travels long distances

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12
Q

Therapeutic radiation uses ________ radiation

A

beta (travels short distance)

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13
Q

Who has control in nuclear pharmacy? (3)

A
  • NRC
  • BOP
  • State BOP (state agency)
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14
Q

A nucleotide generator uses

A

99mTcO4 (6 hour half life)

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the fume hood in radoopharmaceuticals?

A

filters to trap radioactive gases

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16
Q

Why are the containers used during radiopharmaceutical preparation made out of lead?

A

Because it is releasing gamma radiation (LEAD can stop GAMMA radiation)

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17
Q

_____ is the RATIO of radioactivity of the RADIONUCLIDE to the TOTAL activity in the preparation

A

radionuclide purity

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18
Q

_____ is the PERCENTAGE of the RADIONUCLIDE present in a specific CHEMICAL form

A

radiochemical purity

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19
Q

radionuclides must be: (3)

A
  • sterile
  • pyrogen free
  • no particulate matter
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20
Q

Quality of assurance radionuclides is maintained by considering: (5)

A
  • sterility
  • pyrogenicity
  • absence of foreign particulate matter
  • particle size
  • pH
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21
Q

_____ is a radioactive pharmaceutical agent that is used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

A

radiopharmaceutical

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22
Q

For a product to be classified as a radio- pharmaceutical agent safe for human use, the preparer must:

A
  • satisfy a state agency (State BOP)
  • FDA
  • NRC
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23
Q

T/F The FDA and NRC responsibilities have overlapping jurisdictions

A

TRUE

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24
Q

What two areas are radoopharmaceuticals divided into?

A
  • diagnosis (well established)

- therapeutic (evolving)

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25
The largest portion of radiopharmaceutical products have applications in what areas? (3)
- cardiology (myocardial perfusion) - oncology (tumor imaging) - neurology (cerebral perfusion
26
What do radiopharmaceutical consist of? (2)
- drug component | - radioactive component
27
Most radionuclide contain a component that emits ____ radiation
gamma (high energy; short wavelength)
28
Substances that have varying numbers of protons and neutrons as compared to stable elements are called_____
radionuclides
29
Nuclides can be ___ or _____
stable or unstable
30
What is an important distinction between radiopharmaceuticals (RP) and traditional drugs?
radiopharmaceuticals lack pharmacologic activity
31
What is an advantage of RP?
radioactivity allows non-invasive external monitoring or targeted therapeutic irradiation with very little effect on the biologic processes in the body
32
T/F RP have very high adverse effects
FALSE; incidence are extremely low
33
Systemic administration of radiopharma- ceuticals for site-specific use allows the phy- sician to treat ______
treat widely disseminated diseases
34
Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are designed for _________ and based solely upon _________ of the target organ even if the actual location of the cancerous tumor is unknown.
site specificity ;physiological function
35
T/F ALL of the atoms of an unstable radionuclide completely rearrange at the same instant
FALSE: NOT ALL
36
The time required for a radionuclide to decay to 50% of its original activity is termed its _________
radioactive half-life
37
The activity of a radioactive material is expressed as...
the number of nuclear transformations per unit of time
38
Because of decay, all radioactivity ______ with time because fewer atoms remain as the atoms decay
decreases
39
The fraction of nuclei disintegrating with time is always ______
constant
40
The _______ the decay constant the faster the decay and the ______ the half- life.
larger; shorter
41
Half life is ______ proportional to the decay constant
inversely
42
What is the fundamental unit of radioactivity?
Curie (Ci)
43
The amount of radiation absorbed by body tissue in which a radioactive sub- stance resides is called______
radiation dose (measured in rad)
44
___ is the international unit of absorbed dose
Gray (Gy)
45
What are the 3 types of radiation decay?
- alpha - beta - gamma
46
_____ has the largest mass and charge radiation ( 2 protons and 2 neutrons)
alpha
47
As an alpha particle loses energy, its velocity ______
decreases
48
T/F Most alpha particles are unable to pierce the outer layers of skin or penetrate a thin piece of paper.
TRUE
49
______ because the charge is large, it does cause a great deal of damage to the immedi- ate area by breaking down DNA.
alpha particles
50
_____ may be either electrons with negative charge, negatrons, or positive electrons, posi- trons.
beta particles
51
T/F Beta particles are be used for therapeutic us
TRUE
52
Where do Auger electrons originate from?
the nucleus
53
Auger electrons are similar to ____ particles
beta
54
The optimum dose of a radiopharmaceutical is that which allows acquisition of the desired information with the ______ amount of radiation dose or exposure to the patient.
least
55
Best diagnostic images at the lowest radiation dose are attained if the radionuclide has a ______ and emits only _____ radiation
short half-life; gamma
56
It is commonly known as the “ideal” radionuclide for DIAGNOSTIC imaging.
99mTc
57
For therapeutic use, radionuclides should emit ______, which deposits the radiation within the target organ
beta radiation
58
____emits both beta and gamma, so it can used for diagnosis and therapeutic procedures
131I
59
RP can be used: (4)
- to diagnose disease - evaluate progression of disease - evaluate drug toxicity - treat diseased tissue
60
Imaging procedures are classified as either ____ or _____
dynamic or static
61
The ________ provides useful information through the rate of accumulation and removal of the radiopharmaceutical from a specific organ
dynamic study
62
A ________ merely provides perfusion and morphologic informa- tion, such as assessing adequacy of blood flow;
static study

Pharmaceutics Spring 2016 (20 decks)

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