Biopharmaceutics Flashcards
drug absorption
movement of drug from the site of administration into the blood
bioavailability
RATE and EXTENT to which the active ingredient or moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action
Biopharmaceutics examines what? (4)
- interrelationship between PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL properties of a DRUG
- PATHOLOGY and normal PHYSIOLOGY of the PATIENT
- DOSAGE FORM in which the drug was given
- route of the dosage on the bioavailability
API
active pharmaceutical ingredient
T/F Excipients effect the rate or extent of absorption of a drug although they are inactive
TRUE
What types of things are considered when making a drug product design? (7)
- therapeutic objective (rapid action)
- drug
- route of administration
- dosage and regimen
- type of product
- excipients
- manufacturing method
T/F The drug DOES NOT have to be in solution to be absorbed
FALSE: MUST
Movement of Drugs through the body (3)
Absorption–> Distribution–>Elimination
absorption
movement of drug from where it was administered –>through a membrane–>into the blood
T/F Metabolites are found in the blood and are usually NOT active
TRUE
distribution
drug moves into certain tissues–> cause a pharmacologic effect
pharmacologic effect
when drug lands on a receptor
T/F The drug that is released after the pharmacologic effect is a different drug chemically than what was administered
FALSE: the same drug
elimination
removing the dug from the body
excretion
elimination of UNCHANGED drug
Most drugs are excreted through the ______
urine
metabolism
a CHEMICAL CHANGE in the drug by the body
Following extravascular administration, _______ must occur for a ______ effect from the drug
absorption; system
extravascular
outside the vascular system (blood vessels)
Samples of the _____ are used to determine the amount of drug being absorbed
blood
Concentration of Drug in the Blood?
The concentration of the drug will ____, then it will slowly ____ (via tissue sites or elimination)
increase; decrease
Why are drug concentrations more often measured in plasma rather than whole blood or serum?
changes in plasma concentration reflect changes in concentrations in other areas of the body
Serum vs. Plasma
serum: you allow the blood to clot
plasma: an anticoagulant is added/placed in the blood–>easier to collect
Plasma vs. Whole Blood
whole blood: difficult to analyze
plasma blood: easy to analyze
MEC abbreviation
minimum effective concentration
MEC …
there has to be a certain concentration of drug in the plasma before you see certain pharmacologic effects
MTC abbreviation
minimum toxic concentration
MTC …. (2)
- if you exceed this concentration you will begin to see toxicity
- side effects are often seen if you exceed this number
onset time
time when therapeutic effect begins to be observed
duration (2)
- time that drug remains above MEC
- response from drug occurs during this time
intensity
related to the number of receptors with which the drug interacts
The ______ receptors engaged the higher the intensity
more
What are the 3 parameters used to determine bioavailability?
- Cmax
- Tmax
- AUC (area under the curve)
Cmax (2)
- represents one singe dose of the drug
- the max concentration of drug in the plasma
Tmax
the length of time from administration to the max concentration is achieved
Increasing amount of absorption; AUC ______
increases
Increasing amount of absorption; Cmax _____
increases
Increasing amount of absorption; Tmax _____
not effected
Increasing rate of absorption; AUC _____
not effected
Increasing rate of absorption; Cmax _____
increases
Increasing rate of absorption; Tmax ______
decreases
see graphs
review graphs
