Topical -Active Flashcards
What is the main diffusion barrier of the skin
Stratum corneum
3 main routes for entry into the skin
Intracellular
Intercellular
Transappendegeal
Difference between absorption and penetration
Absorption gets all the way to the bottom layer of the skin and sucked into the blood stream
What does skin entry depend on x4
The base
Variations in skin
Physical and chemical properties of the active ingredient
The concentration of the active ingredient
Properties of active ingredient that enhance penetration x3
Low molecular weight
Lipophilic
Non polar
Where is caution taken with topical medication x4
Pregnancy
Infancy or neonates
Inflammatory conditions
Systemic Absorption
Why is there systemic toxicity from topical medication in neonates x5
- Decreased hepatic metabolism
- Decreased renal excretion
- Increased surface area to body ration
- Suboptimal epidermal barrier function
- Decreased plasma protein binding
Name any 5 active ingredients
Antifungals
Scabicides
Keratolytics
Sunscreen
Corticosteroids
MOA of hydrocortisone x3
Suppression of inflammation
Reduction in cell proliferation
Vasoconstriction
Conditions least responsive to topical corticosteroids x4
Keloids
Hypertrophic scar
Alopecia areata
Acne cysts
Side effects of corticosteroids x5
Atrophy
Striae
Bruising
Telangiectasia
Hypertrichosis
Suppression of pigmentation
Effects of using corticosteroids on the face and around the eyes x2
Perioral dermatitis
Glaucoma
Features of iatrogenic cushing syndrome x5
Central obesity
Muscle weakness
Hirsutism
Acne
High BP
Where to avoid use of potent corticosteroids x3
Babies
Face
Genital area
Grams limit of potent and intermediate steroids for adults x2
Potent <10g/week
Intermediate <100g/week
Effects of steroids on unborn baby x4
IUGR
Adrenal gland suppression > hypotension, hypoglycemia, immune suppression
Major side effect of the antiseptic iodine
Thyroid dysfunction
Examples of antiseptics x5
Iodine
Chlorine
Chlorhexidine
Potassium permanganate
Gentian violet paint
What is the therapeutic window for silver nitrate x3
0.1% ineffective
0.5% effective
1% toxic
When is silver nitrate used x3
Treatment of burns, warts and leg ulcers
MOA effects of sulphur x3
Keratolytic
Anti seborrheic
Anti microbial
When is sulphur used x4
Pityriasis versicolor
Perianal dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Scabies
Acne
Side effects of tetracycline in pregnancy
The babies milk teeth come out stained
Side effect of chloramphenicol
Bone marrow suppression
What is erythromycin and clindamycin used for x3
Acne
Folliculitis
Bacterial vaginosis
State 2 contents of the whitfields ointment and what its active against
Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
Dermatophytes
Use of keratolytics
Dissolve warts and callus
Diminish flakiness ie psoriasis
Enhance penetration of other stuff
MOA of dithranol
It is an anti inflammatory that binds to DNA and inhibits mitosis
Side effects of the antipruritic phenol x3
Local irritation
Necrosis and pigmentation
