Leprosy Flashcards
Cardinal signs of leprosy x3
1.Hypopigmented patches with loss of sensation
2.Enlarged peripheral nerves resulting in loss of sensation in the area it innervates
3. Positive skin slit smear test
Treatment for leprosy x3
Rifampicin
Clofazimine
Dapsone
3 ways to exam the skin patch
Light touch
Pain ie pin prick
Temperature discrimination
Nerves commonly affected in leprosy x2
Ulnar
Common peroneal
Which nerves to routinely palpate x5
Median
Radial cutaneous
Great auricular
Posterior tibial
Lateral popliteal
How does paralysis of the intrinsic foot muscles affect walking
Affects the architecture of the longitudinal and transverse arches which aid in the distribution of mechanical stress when walking
Effect of paralysis of intrinsic muscles of foot x7
Unstable gait
Flattening of arches
Arthritic changes
Arthritis
Impairment
Ulceration
Deformity
Sites with high probability of demonstrating AFBs x5
Earlobe
Chin
Knees
Buttocks
Extensor forearm
Dorsal fingers
Stain used in leprosy
Ziehl Neelsen
Approach to intermediate leprosy lesions
Carefully describe and record the lesion and review in 3 months
Which leprosy can have a negative skin smear test
Tuberculoid leprosy
Characteristics of lepromatous leprosy x5
No granuloma
Raised IgG levels
Positive skin smear test
No/patchy loss of sensation
No gross nerve enlargement
Features of Leonine facies x5
Loss of eyebrows
Saddle nose
Glove stocking anesthesia
URTI involvement
Thick and lumpy earlobe
Pharmacological prophylaxis/prevention of leprosy
Use of single dose rifampicin
What hypesensitivity reaction is type 1 leprosy reaction
Type 4 delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Treatment options for type 1 reaction x2
Prednisolone or ciclosporin
What are the leprosy stigmata x6
Foot drop
Claw hand
Ulceration
Blindness
Lagophthalmos
Absorption of fingers and toes
Features or symptoms of type 2 reaction x5
Orchitis
Iridocyclitis
Arthralgia
Glomerulonephritis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pathogenesis of type 2 leprosy
Body responds to immune complexes of M leprae and its antibodies > small vessel vasculitis
