Keloids

Question 1

Causes of keloids x4

Answer 1

Trauma
Skin tension
Genetics- blacks
Endocrine

Question 2

Pathogenesis x4

Answer 2

Overproduction of collagen and collagenase inhibitors
Reduced exogenous growth factor requirements
Overexpression of growth hormone receptors
Decreased apoptosis

Question 3

Complications of keloids x5

Answer 3

Pain
Itchiness
Ulceration
Disfigurement
Superinfection

Question 4

Describe phases of wound healing x4 and their duration

Answer 4

Hemostasis -2D, thrombin converts to fibrinogen
Inflammatory phase - 4D, pain, redness, swelling, heat, loss of function
Proliferative phase -21D, rebuilding of tissue
Maturation phase -2yrs, wounds gains tensile strength

Question 5

Triggers of scar formation x5

Answer 5

Wound infection
Wound dehiscence
Manipulation of wound
Genetic predisposition
Repeated injuries

Question 6

Define hypertrophic scars

Answer 6

They grow within the borders of the original wound and eventually get smaller

Question 7

Treatment of keloids x6

Answer 7

Intralesional corticosteoids, bleomycin , 5 fluorouracil
Compression therapy
Silicone gel
Radiotherapy

Question 8

Pathogenesis of acne keloidales nuchae x6

Answer 8

Blocked hair follicles
Rupture
Inflammation
Foreign body reaction
Secondary bacterial infections
Keloids

Question 9

Treatment of acne keloidales nuchae x5

Answer 9

Topical antibiotics
Intralesional steroids
Topical retinoids
Cryosurgery
Skin grafting

Question 10

Prophylaxis for hypertrophic scars and keloids x5

Answer 10

Be patient
Disinfect or clean wound
Let it heal naturally don’t pick at it
Suture or close any open wounds
Moist wound healing with silicone gel
Avoid the sun