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Dermatology > Bacterial infections > Flashcards

Bacterial infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the skin x2

A

Physical and immunological barrier due to presence of tough epidermal layer and antimicrobial peptides

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2
Q

Classification of bacterial skin infections x4

A

Primary
Secondary
Skin lesions manifesting in the presence of existing infections
Reactive changes resulting from distant infections eg oslers nodes

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3
Q

Define folliculitis

A

Infection on the mouth of a hair follicle

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4
Q

Define ecthyma

A

Infection of full thickness of epidermis

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5
Q

Difference between erysipelas and cellulitis

A

Erysipelas is infection that extends down to the upper half of the dermis ie papillary layer
Cellulitis is infection that extends to the lower half of the dermis ie reticular layer

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6
Q

Name of staphylococcus infection in dermis and hair follicle x2

A

Ecthyma
Furuncle

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7
Q

Name 2 clinical patterns of impetigo

A

Bullous and non bullous

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8
Q

Common sites of non bullous impetigo x3

A

Perioral
Nares
Extremities after trauma

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9
Q

Pathophysiology of bullous impetigo

A

Staphylococcus aureus releases toxin A which cleaves desmoglein to form bullae

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10
Q

Population commonly affected by bullous impetigo x2

A

Neonates and older infants

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11
Q

Describe the bullae and how it forms

A

Vesicles rapidly progress to bullae ie well defined, clear with non erythematous surrounding

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12
Q

Describe what ecthyma looks like and what causes it’s development x2

A

Thickly crusted erosions or ulcerations
Poor hygiene and neglect

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13
Q

Differential diagnosis for bullous impetigo x5

A

Bullous tinea
Bullous drug eruption
Bullous insect bites
Bullous pemphigoid
Pemphigoid vulgaris
Bullous fixed drug reaction

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14
Q

Differential diagnosis for non bullous impetigo x5

A

Atopic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis
HZ, VZV, HSV
Scabies

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15
Q

Management of mild to moderate impetigo x3

A

Clean and remove crusts
Topical antibiotics mupirocin
PP potassium permanganate soaks or GV gentian violet paint

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16
Q

Treatment options for severe or complicated cases of impetigo x4

A

Augmentin ie amoxicillin clavulinic acid
Erythromycin
IV ceftriaxone
IV ampicillin

17
Q

Define carbuncle

A

Collection of furuncles with multiple discharging sinuses extending into the subcutaneous tissue

18
Q

When to give systemic antibiotics in abscesses x4

A

If close to external auditory canal and nares
If lesions are large and recurrent
If unresponsive to conservative treatment
If associated with cellulitis

19
Q

Define deeper infections x5

A

Acute tender spreading edematous suppurative inflammation of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue and muscle

20
Q

Causes of erysipelas and cellulitis x4

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Group A streptococcus
H. Influenza
E. Coli

21
Q

Risk factors of deeper infections x5

A

DM
Obesity
Tinea pedis
Lymphedema
Peripheral vascular disease

22
Q

Prodrome of erysipelas x4

A

Fever chills malaise nausea

23
Q

Describe erysipelas

A

Erythematous plaque like edema and peau d’orange characteristic

24
Q

Complications of deeper infections x5

A

Damaged lymphatics
Thrombophlebitis
Necrotising fasciitis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Subacute Bacterial endocarditis

25
Q

Define gangrenous cellulitis

A

It is a process that occurs in superficial or deep fascia with secondary changes on skin

26
Q

Predisposing factors of cellulitis x5

A

Diabetic ulcer
Decubitus ulcer
Peripheral vascular disease
Alcoholics
Immunocompromised

27
Q

Common areas of necrotising fasciitis x3

A

Extremities
Abdominal wall
Around operative wounds

28
Q

What bacteria causes gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens

29
Q

Treatment options for erysipelas and cellulitis x4

A

Oral or IV penicillin
Cephalosporin
Erythromycin
Clindamycin

30
Q

Variants of gangrenous cellulitis x3

A

Necrotising fasciitis
Fournier’s gangrene
Gas gangrene

Dermatology (12 decks)

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