Topic B: Nature/nurture Flashcards
What is nurture?
The influence of external factors after conception such as social and environmental factors
What is nature?
Genetic inheritance and other biological factors
What is nature vs nurture about?
The idea/ debate about what causes human behavior
What does Gesell’s maturation theory suggest?
That development is predetermined/ gentically programmed and the environment has little influence.
What do critics suggest about Gesell’s theory?
That the maturation theory is not helpful in explaining individual or cultural differences in children which may be influenced by the environment.
What did Gesell use to explain delayed development?
That the problem is hereditary not due to the environment
What does Bandura’s social learning theory suggest?
That behavior is learnt through observing behavior of others and children model behaviors.
What are the four stages of behavioral learning?
- Child observes admirable role model
- Child internalizes behavior by remembering observations
- Child will reproduce behavior when opportunity occurs
- Child will decide based on outcome whether to repeat behavior or not (positive and negative reinforcement)
What is positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive is repeating behavior due to personal satisfaction or rewards
Negative reinforcement is behavior not repeated to avoid being told off or lack of satisfaction
Which theory supports NATURE?
Gesell’s maturation theory
Which theory supports NURTURE?
Bandura’s social learning theory
What does the stress diathesis model suggest?
The idea that when those born with genetic predispositions experience stress, it causes psychological ill health.
What examples of stress does the stress diathesis model suggest?
Family conflict, abuse, trauma and problems t school can trigger onset of behavior
What is a genetic predisposition?
Individuals who are born with genetical vulnerability to mental disorders and if triggered, behavior is onset
