Topic A: Physical

Question 1

What’s the difference between growth and development?

Answer 1

Growth is an increase in a measured variable such as height whereas development follows an orderly sequence such as language.

Question 2

What’s the difference between fine and gross motor skills?

Answer 2

Fine motor skills use small muscles for small movements whereas gross motor skills are large movements using larger muscles.

Question 3

Identify all the life stages and ages.

Answer 3

Infancy 0-2
Early childhood 3-8
Adolescence 9-18
Early adulthood 19-45
Middle adulthood 45-65
Later adulthood 65+

Question 4

What are 4 milestones that happen during infancy?

Answer 4

Sitting
Standing
Cruising
Walking

Question 5

What gross motor skills can occur in the infancy life stage?

Answer 5

Lift head and chest when laying on front
Roll over
Sit up without support
Stand without help

Question 6

What fine motor skills occur during infancy?

Answer 6

Grasp fingers and rattle
Move objects from hand to hand
Use finger and thumb
manipulate toys
Draw

Question 7

What is palmar grasp?

Answer 7

When an object is placed in infants hand they will grasp their fingers around it

Question 8

What is pincer grasp?

Answer 8

Using the index finger and thumb to pick up small objects

Question 9

How can an infant be encouraged to use fine and gross motor skills?

Answer 9

Tummy time with pillow
Help balance using toys
Praising a child
words of encouragement

Question 10

What gross/fine motor skills can a 3 year old do?

Answer 10

Run
Balance on one food
Turn pages or a book
Use pedals to ride tricycle

Question 11

What fine/gross motor skills can a 4 year old do?

Answer 11

Kick
Throw ball
Manipulate small objects
Tripod grip
Hand eye co ordination

Question 12

What is tripod grip?

Answer 12

Using thumb index and middle finger to use pencil skills and fasten buttons around age 3-4

Question 13

What gross/fine motor skills can a 5 year old do?

Answer 13

Walk in a straight line
Write their own name
Hop using separate feet
cut out simple shapes

Question 14

What gross/fine motor skills can a 6 year old do?

Answer 14

Skips
Ride a bike

Question 15

What gross/fine motor skills can a 7 year old do?

Answer 15

Run forwards and backwards

Question 16

What gross/fine motor skills can an 8 year old use?

Answer 16

Good strength and body co ordination
Use joined up handwriting
Take on range of activités
Take part in sports

Question 17

Define puberty

Answer 17

a period of rapid change and growth to react sexual maturity and can biologically reproduce.

Question 18

Define hormones

Answer 18

chemical substances produced in the body and transported into the bloodstream to control or regulate organs

Question 19

What are primary and secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 19

Primary- changes and development of reproductive organs
Secondary- outward/external signs of development

Question 20

Name 2 primary and secondary sexual characteristics for females

Answer 20

Primary- ovaries begin to release eggs, vagina lengthens
Secondary- hair growth in armpit and pubic area, breasts develop

Question 21

Name 2 primary and secondary sexual characteristics for males

Answer 21

Primary- enlargement of penis and testes, testicles begin producing sperm
Secondary- change in larynx, redistribution of muscle tissue and fat

Question 22

PIES during adolescence

Answer 22

P- body changes, weight gain
I- more maturity, academic learning
E- low/high self-esteem, embarrassment
S- peer pressure, new friendships or relationships

Question 23

Name 3 features of early adulthood

Answer 23

Perimenopause, physical strength peaks, Pregnancy and lactation occur

Question 24

Define maturity

Answer 24

To have fully developed physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially

Question 25

Name the effects on hormones in pregnancy

Answer 25

Affect size and shape of breasts, nipples darken, sickness and mood swings

Question 26

PIES of pregnancy

Answer 26

P- sickness, increase in oestrogen and progesterone
I- forgetfulness
E- mood swings, stress, anxiety, low self-image
S- socialise with family, bring family together, meet other pregnant women

Question 27

What is perimenopause?

Answer 27

When the body gradually begins to make less oestrogen and ovaries stop producing an egg each month

Question 28

What are the physical and emotional effects of perimenopause due to?

Answer 28

Reduction in oestrogen

Question 29

PIES of perimenopause

Answer 29

P- hot flushes, decreased level of oestrogen
I- lack of concentration, time off work
E- mood swings, low self concept
S- not many friends, not going out to events

Question 30

Name 2 events that happen during middle adulthood

Answer 30

Menopause, ageing, deterioration of health

Question 31

What is the menopause?

Answer 31

When fertility comes to an end, termination of menustruation and reduction in sex hormones

Question 32

What are the effects of menopause?

Answer 32

P- stopped menstruation, less likely to conceive, loss of libido, vaginal dryness, irritability, hot flushes, night sweats, insomnia
E- mood swings, depression, anxiety and low self-concept

Question 33

Effects of ageing

Answer 33

Increased weight, loss of skin elasticity, loss of muscle tone, greying hair, hair loss

Question 34

What is deterioration of health?

Answer 34

When the body organs and functions begin to change

Question 35

Name the effects of ageing on health

Answer 35

• Loss of height leading to compression of joints and change in posture
• loss of muscle and strength leading to falls and accidents
• Mobility changes (fine and gross motor skills)

Question 36

Name the effects of ageing on intellectual abilities

Answer 36

-Mild cognitive impairment
-Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s more common
-loss of nerve cells and reduction in nerves ability to transmit electrical signals
forgetfulness and memory loss confusion

Question 37

Name 2 features of later adulthood

Answer 37

deterioration of health and intellectual abilities