Topic A: Physical Flashcards
What’s the difference between growth and development?
Growth is an increase in a measured variable such as height whereas development follows an orderly sequence such as language.
What’s the difference between fine and gross motor skills?
Fine motor skills use small muscles for small movements whereas gross motor skills are large movements using larger muscles.
Identify all the life stages and ages.
Infancy 0-2
Early childhood 3-8
Adolescence 9-18
Early adulthood 19-45
Middle adulthood 45-65
Later adulthood 65+
What are 4 milestones that happen during infancy?
Sitting
Standing
Cruising
Walking
What gross motor skills can occur in the infancy life stage?
Lift head and chest when laying on front
Roll over
Sit up without support
Stand without help
What fine motor skills occur during infancy?
Grasp fingers and rattle
Move objects from hand to hand
Use finger and thumb
manipulate toys
Draw
What is palmar grasp?
When an object is placed in infants hand they will grasp their fingers around it
What is pincer grasp?
Using the index finger and thumb to pick up small objects
How can an infant be encouraged to use fine and gross motor skills?
Tummy time with pillow
Help balance using toys
Praising a child
words of encouragement
What gross/fine motor skills can a 3 year old do?
Run
Balance on one food
Turn pages or a book
Use pedals to ride tricycle
What fine/gross motor skills can a 4 year old do?
Kick
Throw ball
Manipulate small objects
Tripod grip
Hand eye co ordination
What is tripod grip?
Using thumb index and middle finger to use pencil skills and fasten buttons around age 3-4
What gross/fine motor skills can a 5 year old do?
Walk in a straight line
Write their own name
Hop using separate feet
cut out simple shapes
What gross/fine motor skills can a 6 year old do?
Skips
Ride a bike
What gross/fine motor skills can a 7 year old do?
Run forwards and backwards
What gross/fine motor skills can an 8 year old use?
Good strength and body co ordination
Use joined up handwriting
Take on range of activités
Take part in sports
Define puberty
a period of rapid change and growth to react sexual maturity and can biologically reproduce.
Define hormones
chemical substances produced in the body and transported into the bloodstream to control or regulate organs
What are primary and secondary sexual characteristics?
Primary- changes and development of reproductive organs
Secondary- outward/external signs of development
Name 2 primary and secondary sexual characteristics for females
Primary- ovaries begin to release eggs, vagina lengthens
Secondary- hair growth in armpit and pubic area, breasts develop
Name 2 primary and secondary sexual characteristics for males
Primary- enlargement of penis and testes, testicles begin producing sperm
Secondary- change in larynx, redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
PIES during adolescence
P- body changes, weight gain
I- more maturity, academic learning
E- low/high self-esteem, embarrassment
S- peer pressure, new friendships or relationships
Name 3 features of early adulthood
Perimenopause, physical strength peaks, Pregnancy and lactation occur
Define maturity
To have fully developed physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially