Topic B: Environmental factors that affect development

Question 1

What does exposure to pollution cause?

Answer 1

Respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems and allergies

Question 2

What is taken into account when accessing health and social services?

Answer 2

Transport, opening hours and the needs of particular services

Question 3

What can poor housing conditions cause?

Answer 3

Respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, hyperthermia and anxiety and despression

Question 4

What can air and water pollution cause?

Answer 4

Asthma and COPD

Question 5

What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Answer 5

group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties

Question 6

What are examples of a) environment pollutants and b) household pollutants and c) what do they cause

Answer 6

a) chemicals from exhaust systems and industrial emissions
b) mould and poisonous gases from cleaning products
c) they are carcinogens and can cause cancer

Question 7

What can cause respiratory disorders?

Answer 7

Tobacco smoke, combustion products and air pollution

Question 8

What are the affects of respiratory disorders?

Answer 8

Runny nose or sore throat to lung cancer, COPD and bacterial pneumonia

Question 9

What are the risks of cardiovascular problems and why?

Answer 9

smoking tobacco and air pollution as they change linings in the heart, causing blood clots (thrombosis)

Question 10

What causes allergies ?

Answer 10

irritants such as dust or pollen causing the immune system to overreact

Question 11

What is hay fever?

Answer 11

reaction to pollen which causes a runny nose, watery eyes and sneezing

Question 12

What is asthma?

Answer 12

difficulty breathing causing the airways to narrow and become inflamed

Question 13

What are examples of motor pollutants?

Answer 13

Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds

Question 14

Who is more at risk of pollutants and what does it cause?

Answer 14

Those who live on busy roads and in highly polluted cities leading to danger for children going out, reduction in ability to exercise, insomnia due to light and sound pollution

Question 15

How many people died prematurely in London each year due to long term exposure to air pollution?

Answer 15

9,500

Question 16

What poor housing conditions can cause respiratory conditions and why?

Answer 16

• overcrowded housing, lack of heating and poor ventilation such as damp and mould
• asthma and allergic responses, meningitis and higher risk of infection

Question 17

What poor housing conditions can cause cardiovascular problems and why?

Answer 17

• overcrowded housing, lack of exercise, lack of access to balanced foods
• stress, processed foods more affordable leading to high blood pressure, high blood pressure and damage to artery walls

Question 18

Why can poor housing conditions lead to hypothermia?

Answer 18

Cold homes due to poverty and low incomes

Question 19

Who is more likely to get hypothermia?

Answer 19

Older people who can’t afford to heat their homes

Question 20

Why can poor housing conditions cause anxiety and depression?

Answer 20

Rising fuel bills, lack of income, poor sleep

Question 21

What can not having availability for transport to health services be an issue?

Answer 21

Cancellation, stressful journeys and missed appointments leading to negative impact on heath of individuals, expensive parking and financial impact on health services

Question 22

Why can opening hours of a service be an issue?

Answer 22

Recruitment of GP’s and nurses are difficult in deprived areas, inconvenient times due to work, school, busy lifestyles

Question 23

What do health and social services aim to do in the needs and requirements of individuals?

Answer 23

• improve health of young children
• tackle disadvantage low income families have
• reduce poverty to prevent long-term health problems

Question 24

Who may not have access to health and social services?

Answer 24

Homeless people, immigrants and those who speak other languages.

Question 25

Why are people reluctant to register with a GP?

Answer 25

• unable to attend
• long working hours
• transport difficulties
• caring commitments

Question 26

Why is it important for those who don’t have access to health and social services to receive regular checks?

Answer 26

• Ensure they are fully immunised against childhood infections such as meningitis C, measles and preventing development in health issues