Topic A: Intellectual Flashcards
What are the 5 aspects associated with intellectual development?
Language development
Problem Solving
Memory
Moral development
Abstract thoughts and creative thinking
When does the fastest learning occur in infancy/early adulthood?
Ages 2-5
Name the intellectual milestones for birth, 3, 5 and 8
Birth- use all senses
3 - count, recognize colours
5 - start to read + write,
8 - think more deeply, reason
Name the stages of language development at 3m, 12m, 2, 3, 4 and 5
3m - babbling noises
12m - imitate sounds
2 - two- word sentences ‘ma-ma’
3 - simple sentences ‘I want drink’
4 - clear sentences with bad grammar
5 - full adult grammar and use language effectively
How can language be promoted for infants?
Blow bubbles, picture books and listen to other kids
How can language be promoted for young children?
Circle time, group activities, home corner, imaginary play
How can language be promoted for adolescence?
reading range of books, group projects, discuss ideas and deliver presentations
What is object permanence?
The idea that an object still exists even if a child can’t see it
What is abstract logical thinking?
the ability to solve problems with imagination instead of practically
What is egocentric thinking?
A child’s inability to see a situation from another point of view
What is concrete logical thinking?
the ability to solve problems providing an individual can see the issue involved
What are the ages and names of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor 0-2
Preoperational 2-7
Concrete operational 7-11
Formal operational 11-18
What occurs in sensorimotor and how can this be promoted?
- object permanence develops around 8 months
- Promote by playing peekaboo and play with toys that make sound
What occurs in preoperational and how can this be promoted?
- development of language, egocentric thinking and parallel play
- Promote by playing house or dress up and promote conserving by using toys that change shape
What occurs in concrete operational and how can this be promoted?
- develop ability to conserve, less egocentric, concrete logical thinking
- Promote by read books with limited characters, group work, counters to solve problems
What occurs in formal operational and how can this be promoted?
- abstract thinking and can think using imagination without concrete apparatus
- Promote by broad concepts, short story writing on creative stories
What is the idea of conservation?
- Somethings appearance may change but the volume remains the same such as water in a fat small glass and tall skinny glass
Which model can be used to support egocentrism and what does it show?
The mountain task and children believe that everyone will see the side of the mountain they are looking at.
Who proposed the idea of schemas?
Piaget
What is a schema?
Stages of intellectual development and a process of acquiring knowledge.
Describe a schema.
- A child develops a concept about the world called a state of equilibrium.
- When new information is presented, their schemas are upset and reach a state of disequilibrium.
- As new info is accommodated, their original schemas are changed so then reaching a state of equilibrium again.
Give an example of a schema.
If a child has developed a schema for a cow and then sees a horse, they will think it is a cow because it has the same features. When they find out it is a new animal, they reach disequilibrium and have to accommodate the new information.
What does Chomsky’s model of language acquisition suggest?
The ability to develop language is genetically programmed and all individuals have the ability to develop it.
What is a ‘language acquisition device’?
A trait everyone is born with that enables children to learn and recognise language.
What is the ‘critical period’?
A period from childhood to adolescence in which all children must learn language and cannot it after this point.
What are the main points of Chomsky’s model of language acquisition?
- Language acquisition device
- Critical period
- Children can’t learn language primarily through imitation
In early adulthood what does thinking become?
Realistic and pragmatic
What are people in the early adulthood stage able to do?
Think through problems, make decisions and relate to complex situations.
- apply the knowledge, skills and experience they have learnt
