Topic A: Emotional Flashcards
What is emotional literacy?
Ability to recognise and understand emotions
What is self image?
the way a person sees themselves - a mental image of themselves
What is self- concept?
self esteem and self image
What is self- esteem?
how a person feels about themselves - self worth or pride
What is attachment?
a strong emotional connection between a child and a caregiver
Name the 4 key theories of attachment
- Bowlby’s theory of attachment
- Rutter’s theory
- Schaffer and Emerson’s
- Ainsworth’s
Name the 1st key features of Bowlby’s theory
- One primary attachment made
- biologically pre-programmed to make attachments
- critical period of 2.5 years
How long is the critical period in attachments, according to Bowlby?
2.5 years
Name the second features of Bowlby’s theory
- children experience separation anxiety
What do children experience when separated from primary caregiver?
Separation anxiety and show intense distress when separated
Name the third feature of Bowlby’s theory
- maternal deprivation
- affectionless psychopathy
What does Rutter’s theory suggest?
- privation is far more damaging than maternal deprivation
- attachments are learned behavior influenced by environment
- if privation occurs, there is no attachment to replace
What is maternal deprivation?
long-term separation between the child and their main caregiver
What is affectionless psychopathy?
- as a result of maternal deprivation in the critical period- cannot understand empathy and emotions of others
What is privation?
Never forming an attachment or very poor quality attachment
What does Schaffer and Emerson’s theory suggest?
- Babies form attachments with caregivers who respond effectively
-not always person who spend most time with
Name Schaffer and Emerson’s 4 stages of attachment and ages.
Preattachment (0-3 months), Indiscriminate attachment (3-7 months), Discriminate attachment (7-9 months), Multiple attachment (9 months)
What occurs in preattachment stage?
They respond indiscriminately to any care giver
What occurs in the Indiscriminate Attachment stage?
- Become familiar with faces and unfamiliar
- allow strangers to look after them
What occurs in the Discriminate attachment phase?
- develop specific attachments and avoid unfamiliar people
- show stranger anxiety at this age
What occurs in the multiple attachment phase?
- form attachments to multiple people
- fear of strangers weakens
- strongest attachment to main caregiver
What does Ainsworth’s theory of attachment suggest?
Parenting is one of the most important factors affecting a child’s development and strong attachments are needed to develop emotionally and socially
What does Ainsworth suggest about those with good attachments?
They are more confident, higher self-esteem and less likely to be clingy
What are the 3 types of Ainsworth’s theory?
Secure, Insecure/avoidant and Insecure/resistant
What is the type of parenting for secure attachments and how does an infant respond?
Understand child’s emotion and respond to needs
- Child shows distress when caregiver leaves, seek comfort and happy with strangers when caregiver is present.
What is the type of parenting for Insecure/avoidant attachments and how does an infant respond?
Rejects child and does not respond to their needs
- Does not show distress when primary caregiver leaves, explores environment, go to stranger for comfort
What is the type of parenting for Insecure/resistant attachments and how does an infant respond?
Inconsistent in meeting child’s needs- Show distress when caregiver leaves, resists contact on their return, shows anxiety and insecurity
Why may attachments not go smoothly?
- parents are emotionally unavailable
- drugs and alcohol
- premature babies
What do children with high self esteem have?
- easier time in relationships and resisting peer pressure, making friends and handling conflict
- optimistic view of life
How can parents encourage good self esteem?
- Teaching problem solving skills
- celebrate accomplishments
- asking children for their opinion
PIES of high self esteem
P- Better relationships
I- More stimulated
E- optimistic
S- more social interaction
How do you boost self-esteem?
- interacting with others
- effort and time into self care
- fun activities and hobbies
- positive friends and social groups
- praising accomplishments
What do children with a negative self esteem have?
- passive, withdrawn and depressed
- self-critical and speak negatively of themselves
- bullied and difficulty making friends
What effect can puberty and adolescence have on self-esteem?
- overly obsessive over physical appearance and how peers view them
- poor body image, ‘not pretty enough’
- behavior problems, teenage pregnancy, smoking, alcohol use, refusal to attend school and depression
How is a positive self image acquired?
- Quality of social interaction as a child
- compliments from parents
- praise from good accomplishments
- life events and social roles`
How can adolescence have an effect on self image?
- social media unrealistic standards
- unwanted characteristics
- psychological problems such as anxiety, ED and depression
