Topic A: Emotional

Question 1

What is emotional literacy?

Answer 1

Ability to recognise and understand emotions

Question 2

What is self image?

Answer 2

the way a person sees themselves - a mental image of themselves

Question 3

What is self- concept?

Answer 3

self esteem and self image

Question 4

What is self- esteem?

Answer 4

how a person feels about themselves - self worth or pride

Question 5

What is attachment?

Answer 5

a strong emotional connection between a child and a caregiver

Question 6

Name the 4 key theories of attachment

Answer 6

• Bowlby’s theory of attachment
• Rutter’s theory
• Schaffer and Emerson’s
• Ainsworth’s

Question 7

Name the 1st key features of Bowlby’s theory

Answer 7

• One primary attachment made
• biologically pre-programmed to make attachments
• critical period of 2.5 years

Question 8

How long is the critical period in attachments, according to Bowlby?

Answer 8

2.5 years

Question 9

Name the second features of Bowlby’s theory

Answer 9

• children experience separation anxiety

Question 10

What do children experience when separated from primary caregiver?

Answer 10

Separation anxiety and show intense distress when separated

Question 11

Name the third feature of Bowlby’s theory

Answer 11

• maternal deprivation
• affectionless psychopathy

Question 12

What does Rutter’s theory suggest?

Answer 12

• privation is far more damaging than maternal deprivation
• attachments are learned behavior influenced by environment
• if privation occurs, there is no attachment to replace

Question 13

What is maternal deprivation?

Answer 13

long-term separation between the child and their main caregiver

Question 14

What is affectionless psychopathy?

Answer 14

• as a result of maternal deprivation in the critical period- cannot understand empathy and emotions of others

Question 15

What is privation?

Answer 15

Never forming an attachment or very poor quality attachment

Question 16

What does Schaffer and Emerson’s theory suggest?

Answer 16

• Babies form attachments with caregivers who respond effectively
  -not always person who spend most time with

Question 17

Name Schaffer and Emerson’s 4 stages of attachment and ages.

Answer 17

Preattachment (0-3 months), Indiscriminate attachment (3-7 months), Discriminate attachment (7-9 months), Multiple attachment (9 months)

Question 18

What occurs in preattachment stage?

Answer 18

They respond indiscriminately to any care giver

Question 19

What occurs in the Indiscriminate Attachment stage?

Answer 19

• Become familiar with faces and unfamiliar
• allow strangers to look after them

Question 20

What occurs in the Discriminate attachment phase?

Answer 20

• develop specific attachments and avoid unfamiliar people
• show stranger anxiety at this age

Question 21

What occurs in the multiple attachment phase?

Answer 21

• form attachments to multiple people
• fear of strangers weakens
• strongest attachment to main caregiver

Question 22

What does Ainsworth’s theory of attachment suggest?

Answer 22

Parenting is one of the most important factors affecting a child’s development and strong attachments are needed to develop emotionally and socially

Question 23

What does Ainsworth suggest about those with good attachments?

Answer 23

They are more confident, higher self-esteem and less likely to be clingy

Question 24

What are the 3 types of Ainsworth’s theory?

Answer 24

Secure, Insecure/avoidant and Insecure/resistant

Question 25

What is the type of parenting for secure attachments and how does an infant respond?

Answer 25

Understand child's emotion and respond to needs - Child shows distress when caregiver leaves, seek comfort and happy with strangers when caregiver is present.

Question 26

What is the type of parenting for Insecure/avoidant attachments and how does an infant respond?

Answer 26

Rejects child and does not respond to their needs - Does not show distress when primary caregiver leaves, explores environment, go to stranger for comfort

Question 27

What is the type of parenting for Insecure/resistant attachments and how does an infant respond?

Answer 27

Inconsistent in meeting child's needs- Show distress when caregiver leaves, resists contact on their return, shows anxiety and insecurity

Question 28

Why may attachments not go smoothly?

Answer 28

- parents are emotionally unavailable - drugs and alcohol - premature babies

Question 29

What do children with high self esteem have?

Answer 29

- easier time in relationships and resisting peer pressure, making friends and handling conflict - optimistic view of life

Question 30

How can parents encourage good self esteem?

Answer 30

- Teaching problem solving skills - celebrate accomplishments - asking children for their opinion

Question 31

PIES of high self esteem

Answer 31

P- Better relationships I- More stimulated E- optimistic S- more social interaction

Question 32

How do you boost self-esteem?

Answer 32

- interacting with others - effort and time into self care - fun activities and hobbies - positive friends and social groups - praising accomplishments

Question 33

What do children with a negative self esteem have?

Answer 33

- passive, withdrawn and depressed - self-critical and speak negatively of themselves - bullied and difficulty making friends

Question 34

What effect can puberty and adolescence have on self-esteem?

Answer 34

- overly obsessive over physical appearance and how peers view them - poor body image, 'not pretty enough' - behavior problems, teenage pregnancy, smoking, alcohol use, refusal to attend school and depression

Question 35

How is a positive self image acquired?

Answer 35

- Quality of social interaction as a child - compliments from parents - praise from good accomplishments - life events and social roles`

Question 36

How can adolescence have an effect on self image?

Answer 36

- social media unrealistic standards - unwanted characteristics - psychological problems such as anxiety, ED and depression