Topic 9 - SKELETAL SYSTEM - factors affecting bone growth/remodelling Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

A
  1. mechanical stress
  2. nutrition
  3. hormones
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2
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress

  • typically due to what?
A

typically due to muscle action

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3
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress

no hints (do not list examples)

A

typically due to muscle action

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4
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress

name 3 examples

A
  1. moderate exercise
  2. injury that restricts movement
  3. weights or electric currents
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5
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: moderate exercise

increases ________ ______ in areas of stress (more _______ than _______)

A

increases osteoblast activity in areas of stress (more building than breakdown)

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6
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: moderate exercise

_______ osteoblast activity in _____ __ _____ (more _______ than _______)

A

increases osteoblast activity in areas of stress (more building than breakdown)

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7
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: moderate exercise

no hints

A

increases osteoblast activity in areas of stress (more building than breakdown)

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8
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: injury that restricts movement

________ osteoblast activity + __ _______ in osteoclast activity which ________ bone mass

A

decreases osteoblast activity + no change in osteoclast activity which decreases bone mass

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9
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: injury that restricts movement

decreases ________ ________+ no change in _______ ________ which decreases _____ _____

A

decreases osteoblast activity + no change in osteoclast activity which decreases bone mass

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10
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: injury that restricts movement

no hints

A

decreases osteoblast activity + no change in osteoclast activity which decreases bone mass

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11
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: weights or electrical currents

may ______ healing by______ osteoblast activity

A

may speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity

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12
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: weights or electrical currents

may speed _____ by increasing ______ ________

A

may speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity

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13
Q

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: weights or electrical currents

no hints

A

may speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity

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14
Q

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition

Ca++ & PO4-

A

required for production of matrix

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15
Q

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition

vitamin C

A

required for collagen production

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16
Q

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition

vitamin D - and if no vitamin D?

A

increases absorption of Ca++ from intestine

if no vitamin D ⇒ rickets (soft bones)

17
Q

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition: name the 4 vitamins/elements

A
  1. Ca++
  2. PO4-
  3. vitamin C
  4. vitamin D
18
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

growth hormone, thryoid hormone

A

stimulates bone growth

19
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what 2 hormones stimulate bone growth?

A

growth hormone and thyroid hormone

20
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

estrogen + testosterone

A
  • increases osteoblast activity
  • Estrogen (both sexes) - ossification of epiphyseal plate (to line)
21
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormones increase osteoblast activity?

A

estrogen + testosterone

22
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

estrogen - ossification of _______ ____ (__ _____)

A

ossification of epiphyseal plate (to line)

23
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

ossification of epiphyseal plate (to line) is what hormone?

A

estrogen

24
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

calcitonin

A
  • inhibits osteoclast activity
  • increases Ca++ movement from blood ⇒ bone; promotes bone growth
25
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?

A

calcitonin

26
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone increases Ca++ movement from blood

A

calcitonin

27
Q

calcitonin increases Ca++ from blood - what does that promote?

A

promotes bone growth

28
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

increases osteoclast activity and decreases osteoblast activity which increases blood Ca++

29
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone increases osteoclast activity

A

parathyroid hormone

30
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone decreases osteoblast activity?

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

31
Q

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

parathyroid hormone decreases osteoblast activity - what does that result in?

A

increases blood calcium

32
Q
A