Topic 9 - SKELETAL SYSTEM - factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Question 1

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

Answer 1

1. mechanical stress
2. nutrition
3. hormones

Question 2

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress

• typically due to what?

Answer 2

typically due to muscle action

Question 3

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress

no hints (do not list examples)

Answer 3

typically due to muscle action

Question 4

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress

name 3 examples

Answer 4

1. moderate exercise
2. injury that restricts movement
3. weights or electric currents

Question 5

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: moderate exercise

increases ________ ______ in areas of stress (more _______ than _______)

Answer 5

increases osteoblast activity in areas of stress (more building than breakdown)

Question 6

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: moderate exercise

_______ osteoblast activity in _____ __ _____ (more _______ than _______)

Answer 6

increases osteoblast activity in areas of stress (more building than breakdown)

Question 7

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: moderate exercise

no hints

Answer 7

increases osteoblast activity in areas of stress (more building than breakdown)

Question 8

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: injury that restricts movement

________ osteoblast activity + __ _______ in osteoclast activity which ________ bone mass

Answer 8

decreases osteoblast activity + no change in osteoclast activity which decreases bone mass

Question 9

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: injury that restricts movement

decreases ________ ________+ no change in _______ ________ which decreases _____ _____

Answer 9

decreases osteoblast activity + no change in osteoclast activity which decreases bone mass

Question 10

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: injury that restricts movement

no hints

Answer 10

decreases osteoblast activity + no change in osteoclast activity which decreases bone mass

Question 11

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: weights or electrical currents

may ______ healing by______ osteoblast activity

Answer 11

may speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity

Question 12

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: weights or electrical currents

may speed _____ by increasing ______ ________

Answer 12

may speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity

Question 13

what are the 3 factors affecting bone growth/remodelling?

mechanical stress: weights or electrical currents

no hints

Answer 13

may speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity

Question 14

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition

Ca⁺⁺ & PO₄^-

Answer 14

required for production of matrix

Question 15

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition

vitamin C

Answer 15

required for collagen production

Question 16

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition

vitamin D - and if no vitamin D?

Answer 16

increases absorption of Ca++ from intestine

if no vitamin D ⇒ rickets (soft bones)

Question 17

factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

nutrition: name the 4 vitamins/elements

Answer 17

1. Ca⁺⁺
2. PO₄^-
3. vitamin C
4. vitamin D

Question 18

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

growth hormone, thryoid hormone

Answer 18

stimulates bone growth

Question 19

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what 2 hormones stimulate bone growth?

Answer 19

growth hormone and thyroid hormone

Question 20

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

estrogen + testosterone

Answer 20

• increases osteoblast activity
• Estrogen (both sexes) - ossification of epiphyseal plate (to line)

Question 21

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormones increase osteoblast activity?

Answer 21

estrogen + testosterone

Question 22

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

estrogen - ossification of _______ ____ (__ _____)

Answer 22

ossification of epiphyseal plate (to line)

Question 23

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

ossification of epiphyseal plate (to line) is what hormone?

Answer 23

estrogen

Question 24

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

calcitonin

Answer 24

• inhibits osteoclast activity
• increases Ca⁺⁺ movement from blood ⇒ bone; promotes bone growth

Question 25

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?

Answer 25

calcitonin

Question 26

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone increases Ca⁺⁺ movement from blood

Answer 26

calcitonin

Question 27

calcitonin increases Ca⁺⁺ from blood - what does that promote?

Answer 27

promotes bone growth

Question 28

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 28

increases osteoclast activity and decreases osteoblast activity which increases blood Ca⁺⁺

Question 29

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone increases osteoclast activity

Answer 29

parathyroid hormone

Question 30

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

what hormone decreases osteoblast activity?

Answer 30

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 31

Factors affecting bone growth/remodelling

Hormones

parathyroid hormone decreases osteoblast activity - what does that result in?

Answer 31

increases blood calcium