Topic 7 - page 1 Flashcards
1
Q
water soluble hormones: steps
- hormone _____ to cell-surface receptor (do not enter cell for ____ _____)
- ______-_______ _____ activates _______ ________ (e.g. G proteins)
- G proteins then _______ 2nd messenger systems (e.g. cAMP, Ca++)
A
- hormone binds to cell-surface receptor (do not enter cell for their actions)
- hormone-receptor complex activates membrane proteins (e.g. G proteins)
- G proteins then activate 2nd messenger systems (e.g. cAMP, Ca++)
2
Q
water soluble hormones: steps
- ______ binds to ______-______ _____ (__ ___ enter cell for their actions)
- hormone-receptor complex _____ membrane proteins (e.g. ___ proteins)
- _ ______ then activate ___ _______ ______ (e.g. cAMP, Ca++)
A
- hormone binds to cell-surface receptor (do not enter cell for their actions)
- hormone-receptor complex activates membrane proteins (e.g. G proteins)
- G proteins then activate 2nd messenger systems (e.g. cAMP, Ca++)
3
Q
water soluble hormones: steps
no hints
A
- water soluble hormones: steps
- hormone binds to cell-surface receptor (do not enter cell for their actions)
- hormone-receptor complex activates membrane proteins (e.g. G proteins)
- G proteins then activate 2nd messenger systems (e.g. cAMP, Ca++)
4
Q
why use 2nd messenger systems?
- ______ can’t enter _____ (water soluble)
- _____ ___ (enzymes already present - just _______)
- 1 ______ molecule ⇒ many _______ molecules activated ⇒ ______ signal
- _______ - messenger ______ _____ or _______
- e.g. cAMP broken down by phosphodiesterase in _______
A
why use 2nd messenger systems?
- hormone can’t enter cell (water soluble)
- rapid acting (enzymes already present - just activate)
- 1 hormone molecule ⇒ many enzyme molecules activated ⇒ multiplies signal
-
limited - messenger broken down or removed
- e.g. cAMP broken down by phosphodiesterase in cell
5
Q
why use 2nd messenger systems?
- hormone _____ _____ cell (______ soluble)
- rapid acting (_______ already ______- just activate)
- 1 hormone ______ ⇒ many enzyme _______activated ⇒ multiplies _______
- limited - _______ broken down or removed
- e.g. ______broken down by________ in cell
A
- hormone can’t enter cell (water soluble)
- rapid acting (enzymes already present - just activate)
- 1 hormone molecule ⇒ many enzyme molecules activated ⇒ multiplies signal
- limited - messenger broken down or removed
- e.g. cAMP broken down by phosphodiesterase in cell
6
Q
why use 2nd messenger systems?
no hints (5 points)
A
- hormone can’t enter cell (water soluble)
- rapid acting (enzymes already present - just activate)
- 1 hormone molecule ⇒ many enzyme molecules activated ⇒ multiplies signal
- limited - messenger broken down or removed
- e.g. cAMP broken down by phosphodiesterase in cell
7
Q
example using cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) as 2nd messenger
- hormone ____ to cell-surface receptor and ______ G-protein
- ________ activates _____________
- ___________ converts ____ to ______ (=2nd messenger ⇒ increases [_____]
- cAMP ________ protein kinases in _______
- protein kinase _____ on other ________ (usually phosphorlyrates) to _____ their ______ which ________ cell activity
A
- hormone binds to cell-surface receptor and activates G-protein
- G-protein activates adenylate cyclase
- adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP (=2nd messenger ⇒ increases [cAMP]
- cAMP activates protein kinases in cytosol
- protein kinase acts on other proteins (usually phosphorlyrates) to alter their activity which changes cell activity
8
Q
example using cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) as 2nd messenger
- ______ binds to ____________ and activates __________
- G-protein _______ adenylate cyclase
- adenylate cyclase _______ ATP to cAMP (=____________ ⇒ ______ [cAMP]
- _______ activates __________ in cytosol
- __________ acts on other proteins (usually ____________) to alter their activity which changes ___________
A
- hormone binds to cell-surface receptor and activates G-protein
- G-protein activates adenylate cyclase
- adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP (=2nd messenger ⇒ increases [cAMP]
- cAMP activates protein kinases in cytosol
- protein kinases acts on other proteins (usually phosphorlyrates) to alter their activity which changes cell activity
9
Q
example using cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) as 2nd messenger
no hints
5 POINTS AHHHH
A
- hormone binds to cell-surface receptor and activates G-protein
- G-protein activates adenylate cyclase
- adenylate cyclase converts to ATP to cAMP (=2nd messenger ⇒ increases [cAMP]
- cAMP activates protein kinases in cytosol
- protein kinase acts on other proteins (usually phosphorlyrates) to alter their activity which changes cell activity
10
Q
water soluble hormones
example: what hormone on liver cells activates cAMP and what does it cause?
A
epinephrine on liver cells activate cAMP and causes breakdown of glycogen to glucose which are released to blood
11
Q
what hormones are water soluble?
A
- peptides
- proteins
- catecholamines
12
Q
what hormones are lipid soluble?
A
steroids and thyroid
13
Q
lipid soluble proteins trigger what?
A
protein synthesis - takes time
therefore slow, but long lasting response
14
Q
lipid soluble protein steps for action
- enter _________ and bind to __________________ in cytosol or nucleus
- hormone-receptor complex ______ to a specific region on _____ (activates genes) ⇒ starts _______ ________
- produces _______
- _______ attaches to _______ to produce _______ (translation)
A
- enter target cell and bind to intracellular (nuclear) receptors in cytosol or nucleus
- hormone-receptor complex binds to a specific region on DNA (activates genes) ⇒ starts gene transcription
- produces mRNA
- mRNA attaches to ribosomes to produce proteins (translation)
15
Q
lipid soluble protein steps for action
- ______ target cell and _____to intracellular (nuclear) receptors in _____ or ______
- ____________________ binds to a ________ ______ on DNA (_______ genes) ⇒ _______ gene transcription
- ______ mRNA
- mRNA _______ to ribosomes to _______ proteins (_________)
A
- enter target cell and bind to intracellular (nuclear) receptors in cytosol or nucleus
-
hormone-receptor complex binds to a specific region on DNA (activates genes) ⇒ starts gene transcription
- produces mRNA
- mRNA attaches to ribosomes to produce proteins (translation)
