Topic 9 - SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
skeletal system overview:
functions:
- support
- ?
- attaches muscles + allows movement
- ?
- stores Ca++
- support
- protection of vital organs
- attaches muscles + allows movement
- red marrow produces rbc, wbc
- stores Ca++
skeletal system overview:
functions
- ?
- protection of vital organs
- ?
- red marrow produces rbc, wbc
- ?
- support
- protection of vital organs
- attaches muscles + allows movement
- red marrow produces rbc, wbc
- stores Ca++
skeletal system overview
what are the 5 functions?
no hints
- support
- protection of vital organs
- attaches muscles + allows movement
- red marrow produces rbc, wbc
- stores Ca++
Bone Ossification:
1
before week 8, skeleton of _______ constructed of ________ membranes + _________ cartilage
before week 8, skeleton of embryo constructed of fibrous membranes + hyaline cartilage
bone ossification:
1
before _____ _, ________ of embryo ________ of fibrous _______ + hyaline _______
before week 8, skeleton of embryo constructed of fibrous membranes + hyaline cartilage
bone ossification:
1
what happens before week 8?
before week 8, skeleton of embryo constructed of fibrous membranes + hyaline cartilage
bone ossification
when does bone formation begin and end?
8th week ⇒ 20 years
what are the 2 types of bone ossification?
- intramembranous ossification
- endochondral ossification (most bones)
Intramembranous ossification
- ___ bones (e.g. ____ ____ ____, mandible, ______
- _______ from fibrous CT membrane
- process:
- osteoblasts ________ spongy bone along __ ______
- periosteum _____ and then ________ under it ___ _____ compact bone
- _______ = unossified membranes __ ___ ____ that remain at birth
Intramembranous ossification
- flat bones (e.g. some skull bones, mandible, clavicle
- develop from fibrous CT membrane
- process:
- osteoblasts produce spongy bone along CT fibres
- periosteum forms and then osteoblasts under it lay down compact bone
- fontanels = unossified membranes in the skull that remain at birth
Intramembranous ossification
- flat ____ (e.g. some skull bones, ________, clavicle
- develop from ______ ___ _______
- process:
- _______ produce ____ _____ along CT fibres
- ______ forms and then osteoblasts ____ __ lay down ______ _____
- fontanels = _______ _______ in the skull that ______ __ _____
Intramembranous ossification
- flat bones (e.g. some skull bones, mandible, clavicle
- develop from fibrous CT membrane
- process:
- osteoblasts produce spongy bone along CT fibres
- periosteum forms and then osteoblasts under it lay down compact bone
- fontanels = unossified membranes in the skull that remain at birth
intramembranous ossification
no hints
4 points
Intramembranous ossification
- flat bones (e.g. some skull bones, mandible, clavicle
- develop from fibrous CT membrane
- process:
- osteoblasts produce spongy bone along CT fibres
- periosteum forms and then osteoblasts under it lay down compact bone
- fontanels = unossified membranes in the skull that remain at birth
endochondral ossification (most bones)
- _______ ______ as a model (____ _____) for bone construction - then _____ to form _____ _____
- _________ forms and the ________ ______ lay down _______ ______
- articular cartilage + ______ _____ = ______ ____ ____ ____ ______
- hyaline cartilage as a model (similar shape) for bone construction - then ossifies to form spongy bone
- periosteum forms and the osteoblasts beneath lay down compact bone
- articular cartilage + epihyseal plates = cartilage that has not ossified
- hyaline cartilage __ _ _____ (similar shape) for ____ _________ - then ossifies __ _____ spongy bone
- periosteum _____ and the osteoblasts beneath ___ ______ compact bone
- _______ _____ + epihyseal plates = cartilage that has not _______
- hyaline cartilage as a model (similar shape) for bone construction - then ossifies to form spongy bone
- periosteum forms and the osteoblasts beneath lay down compact bone
- articular cartilage + epihyseal plates = cartilage that has not ossified
endochondral ossification
no hints (3 points)
- hyaline cartilage as a model (similar shape) for bone construction - then ossifies to form spongy bone
- periosteum forms and the osteoblsts beneath lay down compact bone
- articular cartilage + epihyseal plates = carilage that has not ossified
bone growth (postnatal)
Growth in Length
= __________ growth - at ?
= endochondral growth - at epiphyseal plates
bone growth (postnatal)
Growth in Length
process
- cartilage ______ ⇒ matrix near _______ becomes ______
- _______ __ ______ stops when _______ ____ ossifies into ________ ______ (closure)
- cartilage grows ⇒ matrix near diaphysis becomes bone
- growth in length stops when epiphyseal plate ossifies into epiphyseal line (closure)
bone growth (postnatal)
Growth in Length
process
- ______ grows ⇒______ near diaphysis _______ bone
- growth in length _____ when epiphyseal plate ______ into epiphyseal line (______)
- cartilage grows ⇒ matrix near diaphysis becomes bone
- growth in length stops when epiphyseal plate ossifies into epiphyseal line (closure)
bone growth (postnatal)
Growth in Length
process
no hints (2 points)
- cartilage grows ⇒ matrix near diaphysis becomes bone
- growth in length stops when epiphyseal plate ossifies into epiphyseal line (closure)
Bone Growth (postnatal):
Growth in Diameter
= _________ growth
appositional growth
bone growth (postnatal):
growth in diameter
process:
- _______ beneath ________ secrete ______ _______ (External bone surface)
- _________ resorb ____ on the ________ _____. Therefore, _____ __ ______ keeps pace with _______ ____
- osteoblasts beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix (External bone surface)
- osteoclasts resorb bone on the endosteal surface. Therefore, size of cavity keeps pace with growing bone
bone growth (postnatal):
growth in diameter
process:
- osteoblasts ________ periosteum _______ bone matrix (_______ ______ ______)
- osteoclasts _____ bone ___ ___ endosteal surface. Therefore, size of cavity ____ _____ _____ growing bone
- osteoblasts beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix (External bone surface)
- osteoclasts resorb bone on the endosteal surface. Therefore, size of cavity keeps pace with growing bone
bone growth (postnatal):
growth in diameter
process:
no hints (2 points)
- osteoblasts beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix (External bone surface)
- osteoclasts resorb bone on the endosteal surface. Therefore, size of cavity keeps pace with growing bone
