TOPIC 5 - NERVOUS SYSTEM III - Integration & Control (brain)

Question 1

cerebrum

• interpreting _______ info from ______ and ______?
• ______ and ______ skeletal muscle movement (motor areas and basal nuclei)
• memory, ______ etc.
• _______ info between different parts of the _____ and/or _____ (association, _______ and ______ tracts.

Answer 1

• interpreting sensory info from general and special senses
• initiating and controlling skeletal muscle movement (motor areas and basal nuclei)
• memory, intellect etc.
• replaying info between different parts of the brain and/or spinal cord (association, commissural + projection tracts)

Question 2

cerebrum

• _______ sensory ____ from general and special senses
• initiating and controlling ________ ______ ______ (_____ ____ ___ ______ ____)
• _______, intellect etc.
• replaying ____ between _________ of the brain and/or spinal cord (________, commissural + projection _____)

Answer 2

• interpreting sensory info from general and special senses
• initiating and controlling skeletal muscle movement (motor areas and basal nuclei)
• memory, intellect etc.
• replaying info between different parts of the brain and/or spinal cord (association, commissural + projection tracts)

Question 3

cerebrum

Answer 3

• interpreting sensory info from general and special senses
• initiating and controlling skeletal muscle movement (motor areas and basal nuclei)
• memory, intellect etc.
• replaying info between different parts of the brain and/or spinal cord (association, commissural + projection tracts)

Question 4

brain stem

• what processes does the brain stem control? and name 2 examples
• what happens if the brain stem is functional but higher center is damaged?

Answer 4

• controls life-sustaining processes (E.g. breathing, circulation)
• if brain stem functional but higher centres damaged ⇒ alive but not aware, no conscious control

Question 5

what are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

Answer 5

1. midbrain
2. pons
3. medulla oblongata

Question 6

part of brain stem

midbrain

Answer 6

auditory and visual reflexes → movement of eyes (vision), head and neck in response to visual/auditory stimuli

Question 7

part of brain stem

pons

Answer 7

functions with medulla to regulate breathing (pontine respiratory centres)

Question 8

part of brain stem

medulla oblongata

what are the 3 functional regions?

Answer 8

1. decussation (crossing) of sensory + motor tracts
2. autonomicvital reflex centres
3. other, non-vital areas

Question 9

part of brain stem:

medulla oblangata

functional regions: decussation (crossing) of sensory + motor tracts

example

Answer 9

example:

left brain controls right skeletal muscles, receives sensory input from right side

Question 10

part of brain stem:

medulla oblangata

functional regions: autonomicvital reflex centres

Answer 10

• respiratory area
  
  • drives breathing rate
• cardiovascular centres
  
  • cardiac centre - modifies heart rate
  • vasomotor area - controls blood vessel diameter

Question 11

part of brain stem:

medulla oblangata

functional regions: other, non-vital areas

Answer 11

control swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, etc.

Question 12

hypothalamus

major functions: what does it regulate?

Answer 12

• regulates ANS (smooth, cardiac muscle, glands)
• regulates part of endocrine system
• regulates temperature - “thermostat cells”
• regulates food and water intake, body fluid concentration

Question 13

hypothalamus

major functions: part of what systems?

Answer 13

• part of limbic system (cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus) = emotional brain
  
  • basic emotions regulated here (fear)
• part of reticular activating system (RAS), with the reticular formation in brain stem, cortex + thalamus

Question 14

hypothalamus

major functions: part of RAS

RAS functions?

Answer 14

• alerting function when awake
• receives sensory input for awakening → sets sleep/wake cycles

Question 15

hypothalamus

what happens if the hypothalamus is damaged?

Answer 15

the hypothalamus controls all major homeostatic functions, if damaged = loss of homeostasis

YOU WILL DIE