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Physiology > Topic 6 - NERVOUS SYSTEM IV - Motor "Output" - Somatic Nervous System > Flashcards

Topic 6 - NERVOUS SYSTEM IV - Motor "Output" - Somatic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

draw diagram for somatic nervous system

A
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2
Q

what are the 3 types of movement of the somatic nervous system?

A
  1. reflexes
  2. voluntary
  3. rythmic
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3
Q

somatic nervous system:

type of movement: reflexes

what are the 2 types of reflexes?

A
  1. spinal
  2. postural - for balance, posture
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4
Q

somatic nervous system:

type of movement: reflexes

spinal

A
  • least complex
  • require sensory input from e.g. proprioceptors (e.g. muscle spindles)
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5
Q

somatic nervous system:

type of movement: reflexes

postural - for balance, posture

A

require sensory input from e.g. proprioceptors (e.g. muscle spindles), eyes, inner ear

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6
Q

somatic nervous system:

type of movement: voluntary

  • most ______
  • no _____ ______ required
A
  • most complex
  • no external stimuli required (Act of will)
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7
Q

somatic nervous system:

type of movement: rythmic

A
  • walking, running, etc
  • combination of reflex and voluntary
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8
Q

levels of motor control

draw diagram

A
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9
Q

levels of motor control

LEVEL 1

  1. question
  2. plans sequence of what?
  3. signals what?
  4. works with what?
A

planning

  1. do you want to move? If yes, what movement needed? which muscles need to contract?
  2. plans sequence of muscle contractions
  3. signals primary motor cortex
  4. works with input for cerebellum
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10
Q

levels of motor control

LEVEL 1

no hints (4)

A
  1. do you want to move? If yes, what movement needed? which muscles need to contract?
  2. plans sequence of muscle contractions
  3. signals primary motor cortex
  4. works with input for cerebellum
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11
Q

levels of motor control

NOTE

level 2 and 3:

A

descending motor tracts to lower motor neurons

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12
Q

levels of motor control

LEVEL 2

  1. signals directly to where? via?
  2. fine, _______ movements
A
  1. signals directly to lower motor neurons (via corticospinal tract)
  2. fine, skilled movements
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13
Q

levels of motor control:

LEVEL 2

no hints (2)

A
  1. signals directly to lower motor neurons (via corticospinal tract)
  2. fine, skilled movements
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14
Q

levels of motor control:

LEVEL 3

  1. brain stem nuclei ⇒ _______ motor tracts ⇒ lower ____ ______ (=______ tracts)
  2. receive ____ from where?
  3. involved in what for maintenance of ______ and ______
A
  1. brain stem nuclei ⇒descending motor tracts ⇒ lower motor neurons (=indirect tracts)
  2. receive input from cortex, basal nuclei, cerebellum
  3. involved in coordination of large muscle groups for:
    • maintenance of posture
    • locomotion
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15
Q

levels of motor control:

LEVEL 3

  1. _______ ⇒ descending _______ ⇒ ____ motor neurons (=_____tracts)
  2. _____ ______ from cortex, basal nuclei, cerebellum
  3. ______ ___ coordination of __________ for:
    • _______ of posture
    • ​ locomotion
A
  1. brain stem nuclei ⇒descending motor tracts ⇒ lower motor neurons (=indirect tracts)
  2. receive input from cortex, basal nuclei, cerebellum
  3. involved in coordination of large muscle groups for:
    • maintenance of posture
    • ​ locomotion
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16
Q

levels of motor control:

LEVEL 3

no hints

3 points

A
  1. brain stem nuclei ⇒descending motor tracts ⇒ lower motor neurons (=indirect tracts)
  2. receive input from cortex, basal nuclei, cerebellum
  3. involved in coordination of large muscle groups for:
    • maintenance of posture
    • ​ locomotion
17
Q

levels of motor neuron:

LEVEL 4

________

  • what does it contain?
    • ____ _____ of lower motor neurons
    • _____of neurons (central _______ generators CPGS) which set _____, _______ _____ (walking, running)
      • require ____ ______ to begin or stop _____.
A

spinal cord

contains

  • cell bodies of lower motor neurons
  • networks of neurons (central pattern generators CPGS) which set rythmic, repeated movements (walking, running)
    • require cortical signals to begin or stop movement
18
Q

levels of motor neurons:

LEVEL 4

3 points

A

spinal cord

contains

  • cell bodies of lower motor neurons
  • networks of neurons (central pattern generators CPGS) which set rythmic, repeated movements (walking, running)
  • require cortical signals to begin or stop movement
19
Q

levels of motor neurons

  1. cerebellum
  2. role in ______ and ______ movement ⇒ sends ____ to cortical areas
  3. stores ______ ______ and compares ____ _____, using _____ _____ from e.g. proprioceptors - ______ if necessary
  4. maintains ______, controls _____ ______, has a role in _______ muscle tone
  5. _______ skilled voluntary _______ _____ and timing of ______ involving more than ____ joint
A
  1. role in planning and initiating movement ⇒ sends input to cortical areas
  2. stores planned movement and compares actual plan, using sensory input from e.g. proprioceptors - corrects if necessary
  3. maintains balance, controls eye movements, has a role in maintaining muscle tone
  4. coordinates skilled voluntary muscle movements and timing of contractions involving more than 1 joint
20
Q

levels of motor neurons:

cerebellum

  1. ______ planning and initiating _____ ⇒ sends input to _____ ______
  2. ______ planned movement and ______ actual plan, _____ sensory input from e.g. proprioceptors - corrects if ______
  3. ______ balance, _____ eye movements, has a role in maintaining ______ _____
  4. coordinates________ muscle movements and ________ __ contactions ______ more than 1 _____
A
  1. role in planning and initiating movement ⇒ sends input to cortical areas
  2. stores planned movement and compares actual plan, using sensory input from e.g. proprioceptors - corrects if necessary
  3. maintains balance, controls eye movements, has a role in maintaining muscle tone
  4. coordinates skilled voluntary muscle movements and timing of contactions involving more than 1 joint
21
Q

levels of motor neuron:

cerebellum

4 points

A
  1. role in planning and initiating movement ⇒ sends input to cortical areas
  2. stores planned movement and compares actual plan, using sensory input from e.g. proprioceptors - corrects if necessary
  3. maintains balance, controls eye movements, has a role in maintaining muscle tone
  4. coordinates skilled voluntary muscle movements and timing of contactions involving more than 1 joint
22
Q

levels of motor neuron:

  1. basal nuclei
  2. aid in what?
  3. supress what?
  4. role in maintaining what?
A
  1. aid in planning movement
  2. suppress unwanted motions e.g. at rest
  3. role in maintaing muscle tone
23
Q

level of motor neuron:

basal nuclei

3 points

A
  1. aid in planning movement
  2. suppress unwanted motions e.g. at rest
  3. role in maintaing muscle tone

Physiology (28 decks)

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