Topic 6 - NERVOUS SYSTEM IV - Motor "Output" - Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

efferent (motor) nervous system: Autonomic Nevous System

CNS ⇒ ?

Answer 1

smooth and cardiac muscle, glands

Question 2

efferent (motor) nervous system: autonomic nervous system

• how many neurons to effector?
• neurons can be what?

Answer 2

• 2 neurons to effector (preganglionic and postglanglionic)
• neurons can be distinguished by the type of nt released:
  
  • cholinergic = Ach
  • adrenergic = norepinephrine (NE)

Question 3

efferent (motor) nervous system: autonomic nervous system

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

1. sympathetic nervous system
2. parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

what are the 3 functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

1. prepares body for activity
2. fight or flight response
3. activated during exercise

Question 5

draw diagram for the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Question 6

what do you need to do to stop chemical stimulation in the sympathetic nervous system?

and what are the steps?

Answer 6

need to remove neurotransmitter

1. ACh broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
   
   • _{on postsynaptic membrane (cell body/dendrites of postsynaptic cell)}
2. Norepinephrine broken down by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
   
   • _{in synaptic end bulb of neuron that is released}

Question 7

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 7

• rest and digest
• “housekeeping”

Question 8

draw diagram for parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Question 9

most organs innervated by ANS have what?

Answer 9

most organs innervated by ANS have both SNS + PSNS and side effects - usually opposite actions

Question 10

what has both SNS + PSNS and effects? - usually have opposite actions

Answer 10

most organs innervated by ANS have both SNS + PSNS and effects? - usually have opposite actions

Question 11

what does ANS regulate?

Answer 11

ANS regulates internal processes continuously and automatically

example: heart rate ⇒ SNS excites, PSNS inhibits

Question 12

effects of ANS

organ: pupil of eyes (iris muscles)

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 12

SNS: dilate

PSNS: constrict

Question 13

effects of ANS

organ: heart

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 13

SNS: increased heart rate and force of contraction

PSNS: decreased heart rate

Question 14

effects of ANS

organ: gastrointestinal tract

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 14

SNS: decreased motility

PSNS: increased motility

Question 15

effects of ANS

organ: blood vessels (smooth muscle)

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 15

SNS: vasoconstriction

PSNS: *no innervation of blood vessels (except penis and clitoris*

Question 16

effects of ANS

organ: sweat glands

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 16

SNS: increased secretion (cold sweat)

PSNS: *no innervation*

Question 17

effects of ANS

organ: digestive glands

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 17

SNS: decreased secretion (Except saliva)

PSNS: increased secretion

Question 18

effects of ANS

organ: genitals

SNS:

PSNS:

Answer 18

SNS: ejaculation (male)

PSNS: erection, lubrication (male/female)

Question 19

higher control of ANS

draw diagram

Answer 19

Question 20

hypothalamus does not need ______ for its ___ functions, but ______ can cause _____ ______.

Answer 20

hypothalamus does not need cerebral input for its ANS functions, but emotions can cause autonomic effects

Question 21

hypothalamus ____ ____ _____ celebral input for its ANS functions, but emotions ___ _____autonomic effects

Answer 21

hypothalamus does not need celebral input for its ANS functions, but emotions can cause autonomic effects

Question 22

hypothalamus does not need celebral input for its ANS functions, but emotions can cause autonomic effects

examples: ???

Answer 22

1. blushing
2. fainting
3. cold sweat
4. increased heart rate