Topic 9: DNA structure Flashcards

1
Q

what do DNA and nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) all have in common

A

they are polynucleotides

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2
Q

what are nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

linar polymers of nucleotides

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3
Q

what is the structure of a nucleotide

A

pentose sugar connected to base and phosphatew

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4
Q

what is the structure of a nucleoside

A

pentose base and sugar

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5
Q

what are the two types of pentose sugar and where are they found

A

ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA

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6
Q

how does structure of types of pentose sugar differ

A

in ribose - c2 is hydroxyl, in deoxyribsose on C2 just as hydrogen

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7
Q

what are the two types of nitrogenous base

A

purine and pyrimidine

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8
Q

what bases are purines

A

guanine

adenine (AG)

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9
Q

what bases are pyrmidines

A

cytosine, uracil, thymine (CUT)

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10
Q

what is the difference between purines and pyrmidines

A

purines are 2 rings, pyrmidines one ring

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11
Q

where is thymine found

A

only in dna

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12
Q

where is uracil found

A

only in RNA

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13
Q

what are the two types of nucleoside

A

nucleoside (RNA) and deoxyribonucleoside (DNA)

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14
Q

what can nucleosides be used for

A

precursors for nucleotides

phosphorylated to form them (C5 = phosphate)

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15
Q

if the base of a nucleoside was adenosine what would the nucleoside be called

A

deoxyadenosine monophosphate

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16
Q

what are the bases

A

A, T, C, G, U

17
Q

what are the nucleosides

A

adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine (RNA)

deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxythymidine, deoxycytidine (DNA)

18
Q

what are the nucleotides

A

AMP, GMP, UMP, CMP (RNA)

dAMP, dGMP, dTMP, dCMP (DNA)

19
Q

what are the monomers of polynucleotides

A

nucleotides

20
Q

how are nucleotides bonded together

A

phosphodiester bond
chain has a 5 to 3 prime polarity
5 prime end = phosphate, 3 prime end = hydroxyl groups

21
Q

how does base pairing work

A

NH3 - delta positive, C=O = delta negative on O which attract each other to form hydroge bonds

22
Q

how many Hydrogen bonds in G-C

23
Q

how many hydrogen bonds in A-U

24
Q

what is base pairing between

A

between pyrimindine and purine

25
how many hydrogen bonds in A-T
2
26
how is a secondary structure formed
one in 5-3 prime end from top to bottom one in 3-5 prime end from bottom to top antiparallel strands bring complementary base together
27
what is secondary structure
double stranded
28
how are sugars and phosphates held together in single strand of DNA
covalent bonds
29
how are complementary base pairs held together
hydrogen bonds and london forces as tightly stacked
30
what is the tertiary structure of DNA
right handed double helix with anti parallel strands major groove - bases accessible minor groove - bases hidden in helix
31
what is the quarternary structure of DNA
from double helix to nucelosomes | nucleosomes to hetero and euchromatin
32
how is a single stranded nucleic acid depicted
5 end sugar, phosphate, S, P, S, P 3 end | 5 prime ACCT 3 prime
33
5 prime end is on the
left
34
how is a duplex sequence depicted
double strand antiparallel so 5 prime ACCTCG 3 prime 3 prime TGGAGC 5 prime (may only be top strand as know what bottom strand will be)