Topic 1 - Cell Structure And Its Components

Question 1

Label the following electron micrograph

Answer 1

See labelled group work

Question 2

Why is no lumen evident in the acinus

Answer 2

Not sliced nearly across the middle so the lumen has been missed

Question 3

Name four enzymes secreted by the pancreatic exocrine cells and what is the destination of these enzymes

Answer 3

Amylase, chymotryosin, lipase, tripsin
Small intestines (duodenum)

Question 4

Why is there no nuclear envelope present in a dividing hepatocyte

Answer 4

Dissolved as undergone mitosis in prophase

Question 5

What is the function of the cytoplasmic extensions and lysosomes

Answer 5

Relaying ongoing signals - cell signalling

Question 6

What vesicles arrive at the cis face of the golgi

Answer 6

Proteins and lipids

Question 7

What vesicles emerge from the trans face of the golgi?

Answer 7

Secretory vesicles

Question 8

What is the function of peroxisomes

Answer 8

Lipid metabolism
Breakdown of fatty acids
Chemical detoxification

Question 9

What is the system of abundant, membrane bound spaces called and which sites may contain this arrangement

Answer 9

Endomembrane system

In ER, nucleus

Question 10

Function of the cytoplasm

Disease associated

Answer 10

Metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and nucleotides
Fatty acid synthesis

Anaemia
Glycolysis disorder - enzyme deficiency

Question 11

Function of lysosomes and disease associated

Answer 11

Cellular digestion

Lysosome storage diseases

Question 12

Function of golgi and disease associated

Answer 12

Detoxification reactions
Export proteins

Achindrogenesis type IA

Question 13

Function fo mitochondria and disease associated

Answer 13

ATP synthesis

Mitochondrial disease
Myopathy

Question 14

Function of ER and disease associated

Answer 14

Lipid and steroid synthesis
Cell membrane synthesis
Detoxification

Alzheimer’s
MS

Question 15

Function of nucleus and disease associated

Answer 15

RNA processing and ribosome assembly
DNA synthesis and repair
RNA synthesis

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Heart disease
Leukaemia

Question 16

Function of plasma membrane and disease associated

Answer 16

Transport of ions and small molecules
Cell morphology and movement

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 17

Function of ribosomes and disease associated

Answer 17

DNA synthesis and repair
Protein synthesis
RNA processing and synthesis

Bone marrow failure
Cranofacial defects

Question 18

Difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

No membrane bound organelles 
Cell wall is made of murein 
Much smaller
Plasmid DNA (no nucleus)
No mitochondria
No cytoskeleton
No histone proteins
Contains a flagella and capsules
70 s ribosomes v 80s

Question 19

How can difference in bacterial and mammalian structures be exploited by medicine?

Answer 19

Antibiotics - act on cell wall of bacteria
Use of plasmids - treat insulin as reproduce quickly
Vaccines
Steroids