Topic 13.1: From Code to Function Flashcards
what does from code to function mean
The DNA code needs to be read and then transformed into something functional
what is the central dogma of biology
DNA-> RNA -> Protein
how does DNA become RNA
transciption
how does RNA become proteins
translation
why is regulation of gene expression important
for bacteria = to adapt to environment
for human = genes that need to be expressed to make different cell types must be regulated, and important during development
where are genes made
nucleus
where are proteins made
cytoplasm
how does DNA in nucleus form protein in cytoplasm
mRNA out through nuclear pores into cytoplasm
when do you put a 5 prime and 3 prime end
when it is single stranded, eg: mRNA
at what direction do you make proteins
from N terminus to C terminus
what is transciptipn
simple - ‘copy the code’ from nucleotide DNA sequence to nucelotide RNA sequence
what is translation
complex - ‘changing the language’
from nucleotide to amino acid
what are the genes in front of the transcription initiation
promoter sequences - regulates where the signal for transcription initiation is along the DNA
what are the genes in front of the transcription termination
terminator sequences - regulates where the signal for transcription termination is along the DNA
what makes up a gene
coding region and the regulatory sequences around it
