Topic 9: Common Oral and Dental Conditions Flashcards
describe feline chronic stomatitis
Severe focal or diffuse inflammation of: oral mucosa (caudal stomatitis +/- buccal Gingiva (gingivitis) Ulcerative lesions Chronicity Poor response to medical tx
which cats are at risk for feline chronic stomatitis
0.7% of cats
10 months to 17 years old
No breed predilection
May be more frequent in cat colony (environmental stress)
what is the ethiology of feline chronic stomatitis
unknown
how is feline chronic stomatitis seen
as gingivitis with stomatitis
as stomatitis alone or with gingivitis
what are the clinical signs of feline chronic stomatitis
Halitosis Ptyalism +/- with blood Anorexia or ↓ appetit, refuse dry food Weight loss Dysphagia ↓ grooming Hides Agressivity, irritability Do not yawn \+++pain at mouth opening Mandibular lymphadenopathy
how do you diagnose feline chronic stomatitis
Oral stomatitis (caudal +/- buccal)
Clinical signs
FIV, Felv & CBC – biochem to rule-out systemic disease (eg. kidney disease (causes stomatitis)), Bartonella testing
how do you treat feline chronic stomatitis
full mouth extraction
describe the effects of a full mouth extraction on cats with feline chronic stomatitis
Provide complete & rapid healing in 80% of the cases within 3 months
30-35% will improve but will take longer & will need some Rx
5-10% with poor response
describe feline juvenile onset gingivitis
Young cats (6-8 months) after the permanent teeth have erupted Severe gingivitis with overgrowth around crowns, PM, M) Cause pseudopockets Notable halitosis Little to no tartar accumulation
Cause: unknown
how do you treat feline juvenile onset gingivitis
Early detection
Frequent professional cleaning (ev. 3-6 months!) with
gingivectomy of hyperplastic gingival tissue.
Daily brushing & home care
what is juvenile onset periodontitis
Prior to the age of 9 months
At the time of permanent tooth eruption
Marked inflammation at the gingival margin
Can extend in the attached gingiva
Siamese, Maine Coon and DSH are predisposed
what are supernumerary teeth
extra teeth
Cause crowding =
↓ natural cleaning mechanism + predispose the area to PD
If crowding: should be extracted early
which animals are supernumerary teeth common in
brachycephalic breeds (pug etc)
in cats: most common SN teeth: PM4
Here in the picture, PM3
how do you differentiate supernumerary teeth from deciduous teeth
dental radiographs
describe fusion and germination of teeth
Gemination is attempt to merge 2 teeth
Cause : unknown (trauma? Genetic?)
Often involves supernumerary teeth
Can be observed in both deciduous & permanent teeth
Difficult to differentiate between supernumerary and germination without dental x-rays.
describe enamel
Very thin material (
what is enamel hypoplasia
result form disruption of the normal enamel development
what can happen if ameloblasts are injured
very sensitive/ minor injuries can result in enamel malformation
what are three causes for enamel hypoplasia
a) Trauma to the unerupted tooth
b) Severe systemic infectious or nutritional problem
c) Hereditary condition: amelogenisis imperfecta
what are the two types of trauma that can happen to the unerrupted tooth
physical trauma
One or more adjacent teeth affected
Trauma during extraction of deciduous tooth
describe amelogenesis imperfecta
Created by a ↓ in the amount of enamel matrix applied to the teeth during development.
Nearly all teeth are involved on all surfaces.
describe the appearance of enamel hypoplasia
Appear stained tan to dark brown (rarely black) color
May appear pitted & rough
Tooth surface is hard
Affected areas are easily exfoliated → expose the underlying dentin → resulting in staining
Expose dentin → discomfort!
Roughness of tooth → ↑ plaque & calculus rentention → periodontal disease
For all these reasons: prompt therapy of these teeth is critical to the health of the patient
what is attrition
gradual physiologic wear resulting from natural mastication (tooth-to-tooth contact)
what is abrasion
mechanical wear of teeth from external forces (eg, brushing, dental instruments),
(contact between the tooth and something other than the opposing tooth)
also defined as wear from chewing on abrasive objects (eg, tennis balls, cage biters)
May cause fracture
what is primary dentin
Primary dentin: dentin that forms before and during eruption
what is secondary dentin
Secondary dentin: normal, physiologic dentin that forms following eruption (as tooth develops) (develops from the odontoblasts living within the pulp)
what is tertiary dentin
Tertiary dentin (what you are seeing in the centre of the worn spots) is the darker, less organized dentin formed in response to some irritation or external stimulus (result of trauma to the odontoblasts).
what do you have to do if there is abrasion with pulp exposure
need to either extract or
Refer to endodontic therapy (root canal)
what is endodontics
a branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of pulpal and periradicular tissues (round the roots)
what is endodontic therapy
indirect or direct pulp capping, or total pulpectomy (in preparation of root canal)
Root canal therapy- a filling in the root.
what are the most common oral malignant tumors
Most common:
squamous cell carcinoma
fibrosarcoma
malignant melanoma
describe an epulid or epulis
Epulid or epulis describes localized swelling of gingiva
Benign
Tx : excision
Regrowth possible
what do you do if you see an oral tumor or growth
Radiographs important to show bony involvement and plan in tumor management
