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Veterinary Dentistry > Topic 9: Common Oral and Dental Conditions > Flashcards

Topic 9: Common Oral and Dental Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

describe feline chronic stomatitis

A 
Severe focal or diffuse inflammation of:
oral mucosa (caudal stomatitis +/- buccal 
Gingiva (gingivitis)
Ulcerative lesions
Chronicity
Poor response to medical tx
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2
Q

which cats are at risk for feline chronic stomatitis

A

0.7% of cats
10 months to 17 years old
No breed predilection
May be more frequent in cat colony (environmental stress)

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3
Q

what is the ethiology of feline chronic stomatitis

A

unknown

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4
Q

how is feline chronic stomatitis seen

A

as gingivitis with stomatitis

as stomatitis alone or with gingivitis

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs of feline chronic stomatitis

A 
Halitosis
Ptyalism +/- with blood
Anorexia or ↓ appetit, refuse dry food
Weight loss
Dysphagia
↓ grooming 
Hides
Agressivity, irritability
Do not yawn
\+++pain at mouth opening
Mandibular lymphadenopathy
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6
Q

how do you diagnose feline chronic stomatitis

A

Oral stomatitis (caudal +/- buccal)
Clinical signs
FIV, Felv & CBC – biochem to rule-out systemic disease (eg. kidney disease (causes stomatitis)), Bartonella testing

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7
Q

how do you treat feline chronic stomatitis

A

full mouth extraction

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8
Q

describe the effects of a full mouth extraction on cats with feline chronic stomatitis

A

Provide complete & rapid healing in 80% of the cases within 3 months

30-35% will improve but will take longer & will need some Rx

5-10% with poor response

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9
Q

describe feline juvenile onset gingivitis

A 
Young cats (6-8 months)
after the permanent teeth have erupted
Severe gingivitis with overgrowth around crowns, PM, M)
Cause pseudopockets
Notable halitosis
Little to no tartar accumulation

Cause: unknown

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10
Q

how do you treat feline juvenile onset gingivitis

A

Early detection
Frequent professional cleaning (ev. 3-6 months!) with
gingivectomy of hyperplastic gingival tissue.
Daily brushing & home care

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11
Q

what is juvenile onset periodontitis

A

Prior to the age of 9 months
At the time of permanent tooth eruption
Marked inflammation at the gingival margin
Can extend in the attached gingiva
Siamese, Maine Coon and DSH are predisposed

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12
Q

what are supernumerary teeth

A

extra teeth
Cause crowding =
↓ natural cleaning mechanism + predispose the area to PD
If crowding: should be extracted early

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13
Q

which animals are supernumerary teeth common in

A

brachycephalic breeds (pug etc)
in cats: most common SN teeth: PM4
Here in the picture, PM3

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14
Q

how do you differentiate supernumerary teeth from deciduous teeth

A

dental radiographs

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15
Q

describe fusion and germination of teeth

A

Gemination is attempt to merge 2 teeth
Cause : unknown (trauma? Genetic?)
Often involves supernumerary teeth
Can be observed in both deciduous & permanent teeth
Difficult to differentiate between supernumerary and germination without dental x-rays.

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16
Q

describe enamel

A

Very thin material (

17
Q

what is enamel hypoplasia

A

result form disruption of the normal enamel development

18
Q

what can happen if ameloblasts are injured

A

very sensitive/ minor injuries can result in enamel malformation

19
Q

what are three causes for enamel hypoplasia

A

a) Trauma to the unerupted tooth
b) Severe systemic infectious or nutritional problem
c) Hereditary condition: amelogenisis imperfecta

20
Q

what are the two types of trauma that can happen to the unerrupted tooth

A

physical trauma
One or more adjacent teeth affected
Trauma during extraction of deciduous tooth

21
Q

describe amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Created by a ↓ in the amount of enamel matrix applied to the teeth during development.

Nearly all teeth are involved on all surfaces.

22
Q

describe the appearance of enamel hypoplasia

A

Appear stained tan to dark brown (rarely black) color
May appear pitted & rough
Tooth surface is hard
Affected areas are easily exfoliated → expose the underlying dentin → resulting in staining
Expose dentin → discomfort!
Roughness of tooth → ↑ plaque & calculus rentention → periodontal disease
For all these reasons: prompt therapy of these teeth is critical to the health of the patient

23
Q

what is attrition

A

gradual physiologic wear resulting from natural mastication (tooth-to-tooth contact)

24
Q

what is abrasion

A

mechanical wear of teeth from external forces (eg, brushing, dental instruments),
(contact between the tooth and something other than the opposing tooth)
also defined as wear from chewing on abrasive objects (eg, tennis balls, cage biters)
May cause fracture

25
Q

what is primary dentin

A

Primary dentin: dentin that forms before and during eruption

26
Q

what is secondary dentin

A

Secondary dentin: normal, physiologic dentin that forms following eruption (as tooth develops) (develops from the odontoblasts living within the pulp)

27
Q

what is tertiary dentin

A

Tertiary dentin (what you are seeing in the centre of the worn spots) is the darker, less organized dentin formed in response to some irritation or external stimulus (result of trauma to the odontoblasts).


28
Q

what do you have to do if there is abrasion with pulp exposure

A

need to either extract or

Refer to endodontic therapy (root canal)

29
Q

what is endodontics

A

a branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of pulpal and periradicular tissues (round the roots)

30
Q

what is endodontic therapy

A

indirect or direct pulp capping, or total pulpectomy (in preparation of root canal)
Root canal therapy- a filling in the root.

31
Q

what are the most common oral malignant tumors

A

Most common:
squamous cell carcinoma
fibrosarcoma
malignant melanoma

32
Q

describe an epulid or epulis

A

Epulid or epulis describes localized swelling of gingiva
Benign
Tx : excision
Regrowth possible

33
Q

what do you do if you see an oral tumor or growth

A

Radiographs important to show bony involvement and plan in tumor management

Veterinary Dentistry (12 decks)

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