Topic 1: Introduction to Veterinary Dentistry Flashcards
What are the components of the diphyodont dentation
I –incisor
C-canine
P- premolar
M-molar
What is the primary canine dental formula
Primary teeth : 2 X I3/3, C1/1, P3/3 = __
No primary molars
Primary teeth eruption: 3 to 12 weeks of age
What is the permanent canine dental formula
Permanent: 2 X I3/3,C1/1,P4/4, M2/3=__
Eruption: 3 – 7 months of age
What is the primary cat dental formula
Primary: 2 XI3/3,C1/1,P3/2=___
no molars
Primary teeth eruption: 2 to 6 weeks of age
What is the permanent cat dental formula
Permanent 2X I3/3,C1/1,P3/2, M1/1=___
Particularities: some teeth are missing (refer to Triadan system)
Eruption: 3 to 5 months
What composes the bulk of the tooth
dentine
what is the dentine covered by on the crown
enamel
what is the dentine covered by on the root
cementum
what does the centre of the tooth contain
pulp
what is the composition of enamel
96% inorganic, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals, with 4% water and fibrous organic material.
describe enamel
Hardest substance in the body and covers the exterior surface of the crowns only.
how does enamel form
Formed by ameloblasts within the tooth bud before eruption.
what can cause damage to the enamel when young
Damage when animal is young: causes irreparable changes (enamel hypoplasia, tetracycline usage)
is the enamel capable of repair when it has already erupted?
yes but Capable of only very limited repair when damaged, once the tooth has erupted.
Describe dentine
Main supporting structure of the tooth
Second hardest tissue in the body after enamel.
what is the composition of dentine
70% mineral and acellular, as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 30% organic as water, collagen and mucopolysaccharide.
what is the main structure of dentine
dentinal tubules, which extends rom the external surface to the pulp.
what is the function of the dentinal tubules if the dentine is exposed
which can transmit bacteria + pain to the pulp if the dentine is exposed
Can also transmit bacteria to the PL
describe the primary dentine
Primary dentine forms before tooth eruption.
describe secondary dentine
Secondary dentine forms after eruption, as the tooth develops with age.
It develops from the odontoblasts living within the pulp and is laid down in layers within the pulp cavity.
describe tertiary dentine
Reparative or tertiary dentine forms as a result of trauma to the odontoblasts; this can be thermal, chemical, bacterial or mechanical.
describe tertiary dentine and its appearance
Tertiary dentine has few tubules and is darker in colour and very dense in structure.
We see tertiary dentine when enamel has been worn away, like stone chewers.
Describe cementum
Covers the enamel free roots & provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament. Capable of formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life.
It is nourished from vessels within the periodontal ligament.
what is the composition of cementum
Similar in composition to woven bone it is 45-50% inorganic, primarily as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 50-55% organic material.
describe the pulp of the tooth
This living tissue within the tooth is located in the pulp chambers and root canals.
Well innervated and vascularised
what is the pulp composed of
comprises connective tissue, nerves, lymph and blood vessels, collagen and undifferentiated reserve mesenchymal cells
what can physical trauma to the pulp cause
may cause bruising, hemorrhage or pulpitis.
what can over-heating from polishing or scaling cause to the pulp
pulp necrosis
what can happen to the pulp after pulp exposure after a tooth fracture
can cause pulpitis or pulp necrosis
what can happen to the pulp after a loss of blood supply following trauma
ischemic necrosis
describe the gingiva
surrounds the teeth and part of the alveolar bone, forming a cuff
what are the types of gingiva
free and attached
Attached gingiva is separated from the mouths mucosa at the _______
mucogingival junction
what is the name for the gingival tissue in the space between the teeth
Interdental Papilla
What is the name of the space between the teeth
interproximal space
What is formed by the gingival margin
sulcus
What is measured by the dental probe
the sulcus depth
what is the normal mm for the dental probe in a dog
1-3mm
what is the normal mm for the dental probe in a cat
0.5-1mm
describe the gingival sulcus
Many kinds of epithelium with rapid cell turnover
Junctional epithelium is where it attaches to tooth surface, and breaks down in periodontal disease.
What is the periodontal ligament composed of
Comprised of taut collagen fiber bundles
What does the periodontal ligament do
attaches the root cementum to the alveolar bone. It acts as a suspensory ligament for the tooth
to remove a tooth with an elevator, what do you need to break
the periodontal ligament
What are tooth roots encased in
alveolar sockets
What happens to the alveolar bone when there is tooth loss
the bone atrophies
what is the most dense alveolar bone that lines the socket is called
cribiform plate
on a radiograph of the alveolar bone, it is seen as a white line called ______
lamina dura
What are the components of the periodontium
1- Gingiva
2- Periodontal ligament
3- Cementum
4- Alveolar bone
what is the function of the periodontium
Serves to support the tooth and absorb forces
When you have a disease of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum or the alveolar bone, what is it called?
periodontitis
What does apical mean
towards the root
what does buccal mean
surface of tooth towards the cheeks
what does coronal mean
towards the crown
what does distal mean
surface away from the midline
what does facial mean
can be labial or buccal surface
what does inter proximal mean
surface between two teeth
what does labial mean
surface of tooth towards lips
what does lingual mean
surface of tooth towards tongue
what does mesial mean
surface towards front midline
what does occlusal mean
surface facing tooth in opposite jaw
what does palatal mean
surface of tooth towards palate
What is the cementoenamel junction
where the enamel of the crown meets the cementum of the root
what is furcation
the space between the roots of the same tooth
describe the modified triadan system
Each tooth is given a 3 digit number The 1st digit denotes the quadrant For permanent teeth: Quadrant 1 : maxillary right Quadrant 2: maxillary left Quandrant 3: mandibular left Quandrant 4: mandibulary right
How do you triadan number a deciduous tooth
After the 4 quadrants, deciduous teeth are numbered in quadrant 5,6,7,8
