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Veterinary Dentistry > Topic 1: Introduction to Veterinary Dentistry > Flashcards

Topic 1: Introduction to Veterinary Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the diphyodont dentation

A

I –incisor
C-canine
P- premolar
M-molar

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2
Q

What is the primary canine dental formula

A

Primary teeth : 2 X I3/3, C1/1, P3/3 = __
No primary molars
Primary teeth eruption: 3 to 12 weeks of age

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3
Q

What is the permanent canine dental formula

A

Permanent: 2 X I3/3,C1/1,P4/4, M2/3=__

Eruption: 3 – 7 months of age

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4
Q

What is the primary cat dental formula

A

Primary: 2 XI3/3,C1/1,P3/2=___
no molars
Primary teeth eruption: 2 to 6 weeks of age

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5
Q

What is the permanent cat dental formula

A

Permanent 2X I3/3,C1/1,P3/2, M1/1=___
Particularities: some teeth are missing (refer to Triadan system)
Eruption: 3 to 5 months

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6
Q

What composes the bulk of the tooth

A

dentine

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7
Q

what is the dentine covered by on the crown

A

enamel

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8
Q

what is the dentine covered by on the root

A

cementum

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9
Q

what does the centre of the tooth contain

A

pulp

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10
Q

what is the composition of enamel

A

96% inorganic, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals, with 4% water and fibrous organic material.

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11
Q

describe enamel

A

Hardest substance in the body and covers the exterior surface of the crowns only.

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12
Q

how does enamel form

A

Formed by ameloblasts within the tooth bud before eruption.

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13
Q

what can cause damage to the enamel when young

A

Damage when animal is young: causes irreparable changes (enamel hypoplasia, tetracycline usage)

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14
Q

is the enamel capable of repair when it has already erupted?

A

yes but Capable of only very limited repair when damaged, once the tooth has erupted.

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15
Q

Describe dentine

A

Main supporting structure of the tooth

Second hardest tissue in the body after enamel.

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16
Q

what is the composition of dentine

A

70% mineral and acellular, as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 30% organic as water, collagen and mucopolysaccharide.

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17
Q

what is the main structure of dentine

A

dentinal tubules, which extends rom the external surface to the pulp.

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18
Q

what is the function of the dentinal tubules if the dentine is exposed

A

which can transmit bacteria + pain to the pulp if the dentine is exposed
Can also transmit bacteria to the PL

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19
Q

describe the primary dentine

A

Primary dentine forms before tooth eruption.

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20
Q

describe secondary dentine

A

Secondary dentine forms after eruption, as the tooth develops with age.
It develops from the odontoblasts living within the pulp and is laid down in layers within the pulp cavity.

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21
Q

describe tertiary dentine

A

Reparative or tertiary dentine forms as a result of trauma to the odontoblasts; this can be thermal, chemical, bacterial or mechanical.

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22
Q

describe tertiary dentine and its appearance

A

Tertiary dentine has few tubules and is darker in colour and very dense in structure.
We see tertiary dentine when enamel has been worn away, like stone chewers.

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23
Q

Describe cementum

A

Covers the enamel free roots & provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament. Capable of formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life.
It is nourished from vessels within the periodontal ligament.

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24
Q

what is the composition of cementum

A

Similar in composition to woven bone it is 45-50% inorganic, primarily as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 50-55% organic material.

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25
Q

describe the pulp of the tooth

A

This living tissue within the tooth is located in the pulp chambers and root canals.
Well innervated and vascularised

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26
Q

what is the pulp composed of

A

comprises connective tissue, nerves, lymph and blood vessels, collagen and undifferentiated reserve mesenchymal cells

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27
Q

what can physical trauma to the pulp cause

A

may cause bruising, hemorrhage or pulpitis.

28
Q

what can over-heating from polishing or scaling cause to the pulp

A

pulp necrosis

29
Q

what can happen to the pulp after pulp exposure after a tooth fracture

A

can cause pulpitis or pulp necrosis

30
Q

what can happen to the pulp after a loss of blood supply following trauma

A

ischemic necrosis

31
Q

describe the gingiva

A

surrounds the teeth and part of the alveolar bone, forming a cuff

32
Q

what are the types of gingiva

A

free and attached

33
Q

Attached gingiva is separated from the mouths mucosa at the _______

A

mucogingival junction

34
Q

what is the name for the gingival tissue in the space between the teeth

A

Interdental Papilla

35
Q

What is the name of the space between the teeth

A

interproximal space

36
Q

What is formed by the gingival margin

A

sulcus

37
Q

What is measured by the dental probe

A

the sulcus depth

38
Q

what is the normal mm for the dental probe in a dog

A

1-3mm

39
Q

what is the normal mm for the dental probe in a cat

A

0.5-1mm

40
Q

describe the gingival sulcus

A

Many kinds of epithelium with rapid cell turnover

Junctional epithelium is where it attaches to tooth surface, and breaks down in periodontal disease.

41
Q

What is the periodontal ligament composed of

A

Comprised of taut collagen fiber bundles

42
Q

What does the periodontal ligament do

A

attaches the root cementum to the alveolar bone. It acts as a suspensory ligament for the tooth

43
Q

to remove a tooth with an elevator, what do you need to break

A

the periodontal ligament

44
Q

What are tooth roots encased in

A

alveolar sockets

45
Q

What happens to the alveolar bone when there is tooth loss

A

the bone atrophies

46
Q

what is the most dense alveolar bone that lines the socket is called

A

cribiform plate

47
Q

on a radiograph of the alveolar bone, it is seen as a white line called ______

A

lamina dura

48
Q

What are the components of the periodontium

A

1- Gingiva
2- Periodontal ligament
3- Cementum
4- Alveolar bone

49
Q

what is the function of the periodontium

A

Serves to support the tooth and absorb forces

50
Q

When you have a disease of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum or the alveolar bone, what is it called?

A

periodontitis

51
Q

What does apical mean

A

towards the root

52
Q

what does buccal mean

A

surface of tooth towards the cheeks

53
Q

what does coronal mean

A

towards the crown

54
Q

what does distal mean

A

surface away from the midline

55
Q

what does facial mean

A

can be labial or buccal surface

56
Q

what does inter proximal mean

A

surface between two teeth

57
Q

what does labial mean

A

surface of tooth towards lips

58
Q

what does lingual mean

A

surface of tooth towards tongue

59
Q

what does mesial mean

A

surface towards front midline

60
Q

what does occlusal mean

A

surface facing tooth in opposite jaw

61
Q

what does palatal mean

A

surface of tooth towards palate

62
Q

What is the cementoenamel junction

A

where the enamel of the crown meets the cementum of the root

63
Q

what is furcation

A

the space between the roots of the same tooth

64
Q

describe the modified triadan system

A 
Each tooth is given a 3 digit number
The 1st digit denotes the quadrant
For permanent teeth:
Quadrant 1 : maxillary right
Quadrant 2: maxillary left
Quandrant 3: mandibular left
Quandrant 4: mandibulary right
65
Q

How do you triadan number a deciduous tooth

A

After the 4 quadrants, deciduous teeth are numbered in quadrant 5,6,7,8

Veterinary Dentistry (12 decks)

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