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Veterinary Dentistry > Topic 6: Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Topic 6: Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What composes the periodontium

A

the alveolar bone
periodontal ligament
cementum
gingiva

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2
Q

what does the gingiva cover

A

Gingiva covers the alveolar bone of the maxilla and mandible, and surrounds the tooth itself.

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3
Q

what is found around the teeth

A

sulcus

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4
Q

where is junctional epithelium located

A

Junctional epithelium is where at the bottom of the sulcus, the cells are attached to the enamel surface.

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5
Q

describe the gingiva coronal to the CEJ

A

free gingiva

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6
Q

describe the gingiva below the CEJ

A

attached gingiva

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7
Q

where is the attached gingiva differentiated from alveolar mucosa at

A

the mucogingival junction

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8
Q

what is cementum

A

is the bony-like tissue covering the root

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9
Q

describe cementum

A

Less calcified than dentin and enamel
Denser than bone
Deposition occurs throughout life
Involved in both resorptive and reparative processes

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10
Q

What is the periodontal ligament composed of and what does it do

A

it is composed of collagen fibres and anchor the tooth to the alveolar bone. It also has many blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, elastic fibres and cells

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11
Q

what do alveolar sockets contain

A

the roots of the teeth

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12
Q

what is the cribriform plate called

A

the lamina dura or white line

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13
Q

describe oral microbiology

A

About 100 billion bacteria from all oral surfaces are shed daily in the saliva

Total plaque flora constitutes about 5% of the salivary flora

About 300 species from dental plaque alone

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14
Q

what is the flora of the healthy gingiva

A

Flora of healthy gingiva: AEROBIC + FACULTATIVE ANAEROBIC

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15
Q

What is periodontal disease

A

A disease process that affects one or more of the periodontal tissues…eventually leading to tooth loss.

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16
Q

what is a biofilm

A

A microscopic layer of glycoprotein molecules found on all moist surfaces. Bacteria live in this “slime” layer that helps them adhere to surfaces.

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17
Q

What is plaque

A

Plaque: A soft material found on tooth surfaces which is made of bacteria and protein. It is not easy to see, but it is easy to remove with toothbrushing; but returns quickly.

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18
Q

what is calculus

A

hardened plaque formed from saliva and food debris. It adheres to teeth and is difficult to remove; requires professional treatment under anesthesia for complete removal.

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19
Q

what is gingivitis

A

Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gingiva; leads to redness and/or bleeding gums.

20
Q

what is the periodontitis

A

The active form of periodontal disease. Bacterial infection and inflammation cause destruction of the periodontal tissues, leading to attachment loss around the teeth.

21
Q

what is the main cause of periodontal disease

A

plaque - without plaque the periodontal disease does not develop

22
Q

describe the flora of a diseased mouth

A 
gram - 
rods
motile
anaerobic
spirochete
23
Q

what can occur with chronic gingival inflammation

A

gingival enlargement: hyperplasia, pseudopocket

24
Q

What happens if gingivitis is left untreated

A

→ extends subgingivally →more inflammation →more plaque accumulate → more tissue is destroyed by bacteria & host inflammatory response

25
Q

what are the main sub gingival bacteria

A

faculative aerobic since there is less 02

26
Q

how is calculus created

A

Mixture of bacteria, enzymes, toxins, by-products alter the host defense mechanism = induce calculus.

27
Q

describe calculus

A

Itself : non-irritant

But serves as an ideal surface for more plaque!

28
Q

what are some factors that increase plaque accumulation

A

tight lips
excess salivation
teeth crowding

29
Q

what are the factors that decrease resistance to infection

A
  • Metabolic, organic disease
  • Nutritional disturbances
  • Immunodeficiency
30
Q

What are the changes to the radiographs in stage 4 periodontal disease

A

Marked bone loss
+/- tooth fracture
Periapical lucency consistent with a periapical granuloma (“abscess”)

31
Q

How do you manage periodontal disease

A

PROFESSIONAL periodontal therapy
- Cleaning versus treatment
Plaque control measured (homecare)

32
Q

How do you encourage owners to manage periodontal disease

A

Educate owners to understand disease progression (at the clinic, website, facebook…etc)
Train & motivate owner to perform daily homecare (demo, videos, data information sheet…)
Do back up phone calls, with regular checkups
Perform regular professional periodontal therapy

33
Q

How do you treat gingivitis

A

when you remove plaque and calculus the gingivitis will heal.
effective homecare is critical

34
Q

how do you treat periodontitis

A

Aim is to prevent new lesions at other sites, and prevent further tissue destructions at sites already affected
Same as gingivitis, but perform periodontal therapy, and may require periodontal sx

35
Q

what are the goals of professional periodontal therapy

A

remove calculus above and below gingiva

restore tooth to a smooth plaque attractant surface

36
Q

what is sub gingival scaling

A

removal of plaque, calculus and other debris from the tooth surface below the gingival margin

37
Q

what is root planning

A

is the removal of the calculus from the cementum from the root surfaces: produces a smooth root surface which is less likely to accumulate plaque and more likely to permit epithelial reattachment.

38
Q

what instrument do you use to do root planning

A

the curette

39
Q

what is the most common reason clients come to us about their dogs mouth

A

due to halitosis caused by bacteria, plaque and calculus

40
Q

.what are some of the most common periodontal disease local consequences

A 
Most common ones:
1. Tooth loss 
2. Abscess (lateral or periapical)
3- Oronasal fistula (ONF)
4- Pathologic fracture of the mandibule
Others: oral cancer, chronic osteomyelitis,
41
Q

describe a lateral periodontal abcess

A

Orifice of periodontal pocket is blocked

May drain around tissue or fistulate throught the oral mucosa

42
Q

where are periapical abcess often seen

A

often seen at 208 pm4 (with suborbital swelling and draining)

43
Q

describe a periapical abcess

A

Pathologic process surrounding the root of the tooth

44
Q

what causes a periapical abcess

A

Inflammation or necrosis of the dental pulp from trauma or infection OR
as an extension of PD

45
Q

describe the radiologic appearance of periodical disease

A

periapical radiolucency.

46
Q

what can periapical abscess causes

A

osteomyelitis, cellulitis, bacteraemia. can fistulate in oral mucosa or nose

Veterinary Dentistry (12 decks)

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