Topic 3: Oral Examination

Question 1

What is the checklist for occlusal evaluation

Answer 1

Incisor relationship
Canine occlusion
Premolar alignment, 
Distal premolar/molar occlusion,
Individual teeth positioning

Question 2

What are some anatomical structures of the mouth

Answer 2

A - Opening of incisive duct

B - Incisive Papilla

C - Rugae Palitinae on hard palate

D - Soft Palate

E - Palatoglossal Fold

Question 3

What is the checklist for oral examination on an asleep animal

Answer 3

Oropharynx
Lips and cheeks
Oral MM
Hard palpate
Floor of mouth and tongue
Teeth
Periodontium of each tooth

Question 4

What does the examination of the oropharynx include on an asleep animal

Answer 4

Oropharynx including soft palate, tonsillar crypts and tonsils

Question 5

Why do we found the heaviest calculus at the buccal surface of the upper cheek teeth?

Answer 5

Due to the location of the salivary glands, and tight lips of animal

Question 6

What is the philtrum

Answer 6

Philtrum: vertical groove in the middle area of the upper lip, common to many mammals, extending from the nose to the upper lip

Question 7

What is a frenulum

Answer 7

Frenula (pluriel) frenulum (singular): small fold of tossus that secure or restricts tissue motion

Question 8

What is included in a lip and cheek examination for the asleep animal

Answer 8

mucocutaneous junction, philtrum, frenula, salivary papilla

Question 9

What is included in a oral mucus membrane examination of the asleep animal

Answer 9

Oral mucous membranes: alveolar gingiva & mucosa, mucogingival line (junction), attached gingiva, free gingiva

Question 10

What is included in an hard palate examination of an asleep animal

Answer 10

Hard palate: incisive papilla, duct openings , palatal rugae

Question 11

What is the incisive papilla/jacobson’s organ

Answer 11

papilla is a projection, or small fold of mucous membrane, located at the anterior end of the hard palate incisors. In other words, it’s on the roof of a dog’s mouth in the middle behind his front teeth. It develops during the embryo stage, and it’s perfectly normal. It’s an extra olfactory organ, or chamber, called the vomeronasal organ. It has fluid-filled sacs that open into the mouth or the nose. It’s also known as Jacobson’s organ.

Question 12

What is included in the floor of mouth and tongue examination of an asleep animal

Answer 12

sublingual frenulum, lingual frenulum, lingual salivary gland (cat only), tongue papilla

Question 13

what is included in a teeth examination of an asleep animal

Answer 13

primary, permanent or mixed dentition
missing and/or supernumerary
abnormalities size/shape
Wear patterns (abrasion, attrition)
Pathology

Question 14

What is a dental chart and what is its importance

Answer 14

Info from exam or any treatment needs to be recorded
Basic dental record: 2 parts: written notes & completed dental chart
Supplemented with clinical notes, additional dx tests & radiographs

Question 15

What is dental charting

Answer 15

Diaphragmatic representation of the dentition where info (findings & tx) can be entered in a pictorial and/or notational form

Question 16

What is the periodontium

Answer 16

the tissues that surround and support the teeth

Question 17

What is Periodontium:

Answer 17

periodontal tissues (4)

Question 18

What is Gingivitis:

Answer 18

inflammation of the gingiva

Question 19

What is Periodontal disease:

Answer 19

disease of any part ot the periodontium (gingivitis & periodontitis)

Question 20

What is Periodontitis:

Answer 20

inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium resulting in loss of attachment and eventually tooth loss

Question 21

Hw do you examine the periodontium

Answer 21

1. identify presence of periodontal disease
2. Differentiate between gingivitis and periodontitis
3. Identify precise location of disease processes
4. Assess the extent of tissue destruction

Question 22

What are the criteria that should be examined for each tooth

Answer 22

Gingivitis index
Periodontal probing depth (PPD) (pocket depth)
Gingival recession (recession index)
Furcation involvement
Mobility
Periodontal attachment level

Question 23

What is listed on the dental chart

Answer 23

Recession index
Calculus index
Gingivitis index
Periodontal index 
Furcation exposure index
Mobility index
Probe depth

Question 24

What does plaque lead to

Answer 24

Lead to gingival irritation and gingivitis

Amount should be recorded before cleaning

Question 25

What agents can be used to visualize plaque

Answer 25

ATP strips
Special Fluorescent dental light
Stain plaque

Question 26

what is the gingivitis index

Answer 26

Presence of degree of inflammation is assessed by combination of redness, swelling, bleeding

Question 27

how do you measure the gingivitis index

Answer 27

by gentle probing

Question 28

What is the periodontal pocket depth/probe depth

Answer 28

how deep you can stick your probe into the sulcus.

Question 29

What is gingival recession

Answer 29

when the gingiva is eaten away and destroyed around the tooth

Question 30

When can a pseudo pocket occur

Answer 30

when gingival hyperplasia (GH) occurs

Note: GH should be called gingival enlargement since GH is a microscopic diagnostic

Question 31

What is furcation involvement index

Answer 31

how much of the furcation of a tooth is exposed :shows alveolar bone loss

Question 32

What is the mobility index

Answer 32

how mobile a tooth is

Question 33

what are the 4 stages of periodontal disease

Answer 33

stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
stage 4

Question 34

Describe stage 1 periodontal disease

Answer 34

Stage 1 – Gingivitis only with attachment loss.

Question 35

Describe stage 2 periodontal disease

Answer 35

Stage 2 – Less than 25% attachment loss. Grade 1

furcations present.

Question 36

describe stage 3 periodontal disease

Answer 36

Stage 3 – 25 to 50% attachment loss. Grade 2

furcations present

Question 37

describe stage 4 periodontal disease

Answer 37

Stage 4 – Over 50 % attachment loss. Grade 3

furcations present.