Topic 3: Oral Examination Flashcards
What is the checklist for occlusal evaluation
Incisor relationship Canine occlusion Premolar alignment, Distal premolar/molar occlusion, Individual teeth positioning
What are some anatomical structures of the mouth
A - Opening of incisive duct B - Incisive Papilla C - Rugae Palitinae on hard palate D - Soft Palate E - Palatoglossal Fold
What is the checklist for oral examination on an asleep animal
Oropharynx Lips and cheeks Oral MM Hard palpate Floor of mouth and tongue Teeth Periodontium of each tooth
What does the examination of the oropharynx include on an asleep animal
Oropharynx including soft palate, tonsillar crypts and tonsils
Why do we found the heaviest calculus at the buccal surface of the upper cheek teeth?
Due to the location of the salivary glands, and tight lips of animal
What is the philtrum
Philtrum: vertical groove in the middle area of the upper lip, common to many mammals, extending from the nose to the upper lip
What is a frenulum
Frenula (pluriel) frenulum (singular): small fold of tossus that secure or restricts tissue motion
What is included in a lip and cheek examination for the asleep animal
mucocutaneous junction, philtrum, frenula, salivary papilla
What is included in a oral mucus membrane examination of the asleep animal
Oral mucous membranes: alveolar gingiva & mucosa, mucogingival line (junction), attached gingiva, free gingiva
What is included in an hard palate examination of an asleep animal
Hard palate: incisive papilla, duct openings , palatal rugae
What is the incisive papilla/jacobson’s organ
papilla is a projection, or small fold of mucous membrane, located at the anterior end of the hard palate incisors. In other words, it’s on the roof of a dog’s mouth in the middle behind his front teeth. It develops during the embryo stage, and it’s perfectly normal. It’s an extra olfactory organ, or chamber, called the vomeronasal organ. It has fluid-filled sacs that open into the mouth or the nose. It’s also known as Jacobson’s organ.
What is included in the floor of mouth and tongue examination of an asleep animal
sublingual frenulum, lingual frenulum, lingual salivary gland (cat only), tongue papilla
what is included in a teeth examination of an asleep animal
primary, permanent or mixed dentition missing and/or supernumerary abnormalities size/shape Wear patterns (abrasion, attrition) Pathology
What is a dental chart and what is its importance
Info from exam or any treatment needs to be recorded
Basic dental record: 2 parts: written notes & completed dental chart
Supplemented with clinical notes, additional dx tests & radiographs
What is dental charting
Diaphragmatic representation of the dentition where info (findings & tx) can be entered in a pictorial and/or notational form
What is the periodontium
the tissues that surround and support the teeth
What is Periodontium:
periodontal tissues (4)
What is Gingivitis:
inflammation of the gingiva
What is Periodontal disease:
disease of any part ot the periodontium (gingivitis & periodontitis)
What is Periodontitis:
inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium resulting in loss of attachment and eventually tooth loss
Hw do you examine the periodontium
- identify presence of periodontal disease
- Differentiate between gingivitis and periodontitis
- Identify precise location of disease processes
- Assess the extent of tissue destruction
What are the criteria that should be examined for each tooth
Gingivitis index Periodontal probing depth (PPD) (pocket depth) Gingival recession (recession index) Furcation involvement Mobility Periodontal attachment level
What is listed on the dental chart
Recession index Calculus index Gingivitis index Periodontal index Furcation exposure index Mobility index Probe depth
What does plaque lead to
Lead to gingival irritation and gingivitis
Amount should be recorded before cleaning
What agents can be used to visualize plaque
ATP strips
Special Fluorescent dental light
Stain plaque
what is the gingivitis index
Presence of degree of inflammation is assessed by combination of redness, swelling, bleeding
how do you measure the gingivitis index
by gentle probing
What is the periodontal pocket depth/probe depth
how deep you can stick your probe into the sulcus.
What is gingival recession
when the gingiva is eaten away and destroyed around the tooth
When can a pseudo pocket occur
when gingival hyperplasia (GH) occurs
Note: GH should be called gingival enlargement since GH is a microscopic diagnostic
What is furcation involvement index
how much of the furcation of a tooth is exposed :shows alveolar bone loss
What is the mobility index
how mobile a tooth is
what are the 4 stages of periodontal disease
stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
stage 4
Describe stage 1 periodontal disease
Stage 1 – Gingivitis only with attachment loss.
Describe stage 2 periodontal disease
Stage 2 – Less than 25% attachment loss. Grade 1
furcations present.
describe stage 3 periodontal disease
Stage 3 – 25 to 50% attachment loss. Grade 2
furcations present
describe stage 4 periodontal disease
Stage 4 – Over 50 % attachment loss. Grade 3
furcations present.
