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Veterinary Dentistry > Topic 8: Malocclusion > Flashcards

Topic 8: Malocclusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is occlusion

A

normal position of teeth when jaws are closed

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2
Q

what is malocclusion

A

misaligned teeth

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3
Q

What are the consequences of malocclusion

A

Abnormal contact with other teeth or soft tissues = discomfort + pain
Accumulation of debris + foods, periodontal pockets, PD disease, tooth loss….
Chronic pain = changes in behavior
Difficulty in mastication

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4
Q

how do you prevent malocclusion

A

Oral examination starting at initial puppy/kitten 1st visit!

AHT: during pre-consultation

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5
Q

what can be done about a malocclusion if detected early

A 
Can be treated with simple extraction / crown amputation or
Orthodontics tx (eg. braces, wire, buttons, elastics, acrylic plates)
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6
Q

what happens if a malocclusion is not detected early

A

may result in permanent teeth malocclusions
that require extensive extractions
or multiple-procedure orthodontics. 


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7
Q

describe the normal occlusion of dogs

A

Wild phenotype of domestic dogs and cats has interdigitating teeth cheek that create pinking shears effect.

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8
Q

describe the pinking shears effect on canines

A

a mandibular tooth (canine) that interdigitates with the maxillary 3rd incisor and canine (fits in the diasthema) (canine interlock)

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9
Q

describe the pinking shears effect on incisors

A

mandibular incisors that rest on the cingulae of the maxillary incissors

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10
Q

what are the 4 points to evaluate occlusion in dogs

A

Scissor incisor relationship
The canine interlock
The PM interdigitation (“pinking shear” effect)
Head symmetry

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11
Q

describe incisor scissor occlusion

A

scissor bite incisors. the mandibular incisors rest on the cingulae

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12
Q

describe the proper canine interlock

A

Mandibular canine fits into diasthema between maxillary 3rd incisor and upper canine
Not touching each other
Creates an interlock situation that prevents one or the other jaw from overgrowing the other.

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13
Q

what is a diasthema

A

space or gap between 2 teeth

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14
Q

describe the normal canine PM interdigitation

A

Cusp tips of PM should point to the interdental space
Pinking shear effect
Buccal surface of the first 1st mandibular molar occludes with the palatal surface of maxillary PM4

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15
Q

what is a cusp

A

raised points on the crowns of teeth

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16
Q

What are the 3 dog head shapes

A

dolichocephalic
mesocephalic
brachycephalic

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17
Q

what breed of dog has a dolichocephalic head

A

borzoi

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18
Q

what breed of dog has a mesocephalic head

A

lab

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19
Q

what breed of dog has a brachycephalic head

A

pug

20
Q

describe the head of a mesocephalic head

A

Mandible is shorter and less wide than maxilla
Scissor bite incisors
Maxillary incisors are rostral
Incisal tips of mandibular incisor contact cingulae of upper incisor

21
Q

what is the normal dentition for a mesocephalic head

A

Interdigitation of canine teeth- mandibular one into diastema b/n upper 3rd incisor and upper canine, not touching either
Premolars oppose interdental space opposite arcade
Maxillary 4th PM scissors with mandibular 1st molar

22
Q

how does cusp to cusp premolars happen

A

How does this happen?

Either mandibular prognathism (undershot) or brachygnathism (overshot)

23
Q

what does prognathic mean

A

longer

24
Q

what does brachygnathic mean

A

shorter

25
Q

describe the dentition of a brachycephalic breed

A

shorter maxilla- normal mandible
Crowding and rotation upper teeth
More prone to gingival hyperplasia due to open mouth breathing
Also prone to missing teeth

26
Q

describe the dentition of a dolichocephalic breed

A

Have longer upper jaw

Larger interdental spaces

27
Q

what is a lance tooth

A

Or rostrally displaced maxillary canine(s)

One or both of the maxillary canine teeth deviating or pointing rostrally

28
Q

what is the result of a lance tooth

A

Result: closed diastema space between the max 3rd incisor and max canine tooth (crowding)

29
Q

what can lance tooth cause

A

periodontal disease
occlusal problems
area for plaque retention

30
Q

how does lance tooth occur?

A

genetic

31
Q

what breed commonly has lance tooth

A

sheltie

32
Q

describe an anterior crossbite

A

reverse scissor bite of one, two or all incisors

Displaced lingual to the lowers and the rest occlude normally

33
Q

what is an anterior corset considered a secondary condition to

A

Usually secondary to retained deciduous incisors

34
Q

what is a posterior caudal crossbite

A

Class 1
PM + M are lingual to lower ones
(carnassial teeth are reversed)

35
Q

what is a level bite

A

where the incisor teeth meet exactly, surface to surface

36
Q

what can level bite cause

A

Cause abnormal wear of the incisal edges of these teeeth & even inflammation surrounding the roots

37
Q

what is the common teeth crowding in toy breeds

A

incissors

38
Q

what is the common teeth crowding in brachycephalic breeds

A

PM

39
Q

what is brachygnathia

A

excessive shortness of one or both jaws

40
Q

what is prognathism

A

abnormal profusion of one or both jaws

41
Q

what is a mandibular brachygnathic bite

A

Upper jaw extends significantly over the lower jaw

Also called overbite

42
Q

what is a mandibular prognathic bite

A 
Also called underbite
Mandibular premolars rostrally displaced
Reverse scissor bite
Lower incisors are rostral
Mandibular canine touches 3rd incisor
43
Q

what is a narrow mandible

A

Lower canines impinge on:
maxillary gingivae or
hard palate
…..instead of going into diasthema

44
Q

what is an open bite

A

the teeth do not meet properly and a space is created

45
Q

what is a wry bite

A

When one jaw quadrant grows differently from the other and symmetry is lost
Felt to be caused by one sided prognathism or brachygnathism

Veterinary Dentistry (12 decks)

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