Topic 8: Polymers and Plastics Flashcards
What is an isotope?
An atoms with the same amount of protons and electrons, however a different number of neutrons.
What is a isomer?
An atom with the same molecular formula, different displayed formula. (different saturated formula)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule that contains hydrogen and carbon only.
What is the homoglegeus seris?
A series of hydrocarbons that have similar chemical properties and a trend in physical properties.
What does UNsaturated mean?
That the atom contains a double bond.
Propane + oxygen =
carbon dioxide + water
C3H8 + 5O2 =
3CO2 + 4H2O
What is Cracking?
Cracking can be used to produce smaller and more useful molecules from larger alkanes.
What is the general formula for the Alkenes?
CnH2n
Fractional distillation of crude oil produces…….
more long chain hydrocarbons than can be used directly and fewer short-chain hydrocarbons than are required.
Why do we want to crack larger molecules of fractional distillation?
Because we need the smaller are more useful molecules. Larger molecules are more useless; they have higher boiling points etc.
Method for cracking parafin oil to ethene?
1) set up apparatus as shown in diagram (Page 21)
2) gently heat the ceramic catalyst, then heat the decane.
3) collect 2-3 test tubes full of gas (discard the first one)
4) test for the presence of the alkene.
How do you test for the presence of an alkene?
Bromine Water Test: addition of Br2 across a double bond. It should go orange/brown to colorless. (Diagram on Page 22).
Isomers of Pentene C5H10?
BOOK PAGE 23
Making Alkenes: Dehydration?
starting material = alcohol
products = water + alkene
catalyst used Al2O3
(Renewable, ethanol produced by fermentation.)