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Exam Pick Ups Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for ammonium nitrate?

A

NH4NO3

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2
Q

Two problems caused by release of sulfur dioxide into the environment?

A

Acid Rain

Leaches into soil causing minerals to be washed out.

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3
Q

Chemical equation for making carbon dioxide in the lab, using HCL and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

A

CaCO3 + 2HCL -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

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4
Q

Equation for the weakly acidic solution that is formed when carbon dioxide reacts with water?

A

CO2 + H2O (Half arrows) H2CO3(aq)

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5
Q

What is the name of the weakly acidic compound formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water?

A

Carbonic acid.

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6
Q

Observations of Magnesium when burnt?

A

Ash.

Bight light flame.

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7
Q

Suggest what is seen from this reaction?

A

If nothing obvious, assume it is a gas.

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8
Q

Potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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9
Q

Test for Hydrogen?

A

Lit splint, should hear a squeeky pop.

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10
Q

Thermal decomposition of magnesium carbonate?

A

MgCO3 -> MgO + CO2

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11
Q

How would you get a pure dry carbonate sample?

A

(If asking method, mix, then stir)
Filter
Wash
dry by gently warming.

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12
Q

In the reaction of Zinc and Copper (II) Sulphate what would you see?

A

pink coating on the zinc.

solution becomes colorless.

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13
Q

Why does the student filter the mixture?

A

To obtain the in-soluble part or the product.

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14
Q

Colour of Bromine in displacement reactions?

A

Colourless to Brown.

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15
Q

Test for chlorine?

A

bleaches damp litmus paper, turning it white.

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16
Q

Test for Oxygen?

A

Relight a glowing splint.

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17
Q

Test for Hydrogen?

A

Squeky pop

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18
Q

Test for carbon dioxide?

A

turns lime water cloudy

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19
Q

Test for Ammonia?

A

Turns damp litmus paper blue.

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20
Q

Chemical test for water?

A

white anhydrous copper(II) sulphate, goes blue in presence of water.

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21
Q

testing for cations?

A

flame tests

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22
Q

cations: Copper(II) Cu2+

A

Blue

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23
Q

Cations: Iron(II) Fe2+

A

Sludgy Green

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24
Q

Cations: Iron(III) Fe3+

A

Reddish brown

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25
Q

testing for Anions: carbonates?

A

carbonates give off CO2 with HCL

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26
Q

Testing anions: sulfates?

A

Sulphates ions produce a white precipitate

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27
Q

Testing for anions: Halides?

A

Nitric acid and silver nitrate.

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28
Q

Protons in carbon 12?

A

6

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29
Q

State what is meant by the term relative atomic mass?

A
  • The mean mass of an atom of an element.

- Compared to mass of Carbon-12.

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30
Q

Carbon-12 98.9% and carbon-13 1.1%?

A

(12 x 98.9) + (13 x 1.1) =
/100
= 12.01

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31
Q

Two changes that occur in the formation of an addition polymer?

A
  • one of the bonds in the double bond breaks

- many of the monomers then join together.

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32
Q

Explain why cracking is important process in the oil industry?

A
  • Produces smaller shorter molecules
  • smaller molecules more useful as have a greater demand.
  • Produces alkenes.
  • smaller shorter molecules burn better and are used to make fuel.
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33
Q

Movement of gasses in a tube?

A

Diffusion

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34
Q

How can higher temp change the time taken in a reaction?

A
  • Less time
  • particles have more kinetic energy.
  • Particles and gas move quicker and diffuse quicker.
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35
Q

How many bonds does oxygen form?

A

2

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36
Q

Most of the time non-metals ……. RIG

A

gain electrons so are reduced.

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37
Q

Two gasses given off when heating ammonia chloride?

A

ammonia, hydrogen chloride

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38
Q

Solid made when ammonia chloride is heated?

A

ammonia chloride

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39
Q

What processes occur when ammonia chloride is heated?

A

decomposition and neutralization

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40
Q

color of lead?

A

silver

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41
Q

metal hydroxide + metal sulfate ->

A

metal hydroxide + sodium sulfate

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42
Q

test for carbonate ions?

A

HCL

Fizzing.

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43
Q

test for sulfate ions?

A

Barium chloride

You will see a white precipitate.

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44
Q

Test for ammonia ions?

A
  • add NaOH and warm
  • test gas
  • litmus paper should turn blue
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45
Q

Example structural formula of propane?

A

CH3 CH2 CH3

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46
Q

solid and gas products formed during in complete combustion?

A

Carbon

carbon monoxide

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47
Q

condition needed for hydrogen bromide reaction?

A

UV light

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48
Q

Organic product from hydrogen bromide reaction?

A

bromomethene

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49
Q

Equation for reaction between methane and bromine?

A

C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O

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50
Q

Strength of metals depend on the strength of electrostatic forces of attraction between two types of particles?

A

Elections

Cations

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51
Q

breaking bonds…….

A

absorbs energy

52
Q

making bonds…….

A

releases energy

53
Q

when a reaction is exothermic….

A

more energy is released than is absorbed.

54
Q

equation for anhydrous copper(II) sulfate test with water?

A

CuSO4 + 5H2O -> CuSO4.5H2O

55
Q

Suggest why universal indicator is more suitable than methyl orange.

A

shows if the substance is weakly or strongly acidic, uses more then one color.

56
Q

Suggest two substances that can be used to compare the re-activity.

A

Water

Oxygen

57
Q

Industrial uses of hydrogen?

A

Ammonia and HCL

58
Q

Process in which particles more through a tube in experiment to make chlorides?

A

Diffusion.

59
Q

Color of Bromine water test?

A

Orange/Yellow

to colourless

60
Q

Dibromethane.

A

4 hydrogens, 2 Bromine, 2 Carbon

61
Q

Use of Aluminium?

A

aircraft material.

LOW DENSITY

62
Q

Two observations of all Group 1 metals?

A

Fizz, turn into a ball

63
Q

Group one metals turn UI….

A

Blue, Alkali solution OH- ions

64
Q

ionic bonding question 3 marks?

A

Electrons being transferred between oxygen and sodium.
idea of sodium losing.
Correct number of electrons involved.

65
Q

Bromides are

A

acidic

66
Q

Chlorides are

A

alkali

67
Q

if solution is acidic..

A

H+ ions formed

68
Q

If solution is alkali…

A

OH- ions formed

69
Q

Hydrogen chloride gas dissociates in water……

A

but not in Methylbenzene

70
Q

When hydrogen chloride dissolves in water…..

A

molecules split up into H+ ions and Cl- ions, this is dissociation.

71
Q

When hydrogen chloride dissolves in methylbenzene..

A

it does not dissociate

LITMUS PAPER BLUE!!!

72
Q

What happens during neutralization reactions?

A

Acid contains Hydrogen ions
A base contains hydroxide ions
They neutralize and the products are neutral

73
Q

neutralization reaction?

A

acid + base -> salt + water.

74
Q

Example of base?

A
  • copper oxide

- zinc hydroxide.

75
Q

Bases that are also soluble in water are called

A

Alkalis

76
Q

Example of Alkalis?

A
  • sodium hydroxide

- potassium hydroxide

77
Q

All alkalis are

A

bases

78
Q

compounds with .H2O are….

A

hydrated

79
Q

two metals that can be reacted with water to safely produce hydrogen?

A

iron

magnesium

80
Q

Solid used in the extraction of both iron and aluminium?

A

carbon

81
Q

gas that is needed to the extraction of iron? why?

A

oxygen - to combust and produce heat

82
Q

formula name and quickname of: Calcium oxide and calcium silicate?

A

CaO - quicklime

CaSiO3 - Slag

83
Q

Properties of limestone that need to be kept the same when retesting?

A
  • Surface area

- Mass

84
Q

Why universal indicator may not be good in a experiment?

A

Color change is gradual, not sharp or defined.

Alternatives litmus paper or methyl orange.

85
Q

increasing pressure on a equilibrium reaction?

A

shifts to the side with fewest gas molecules.

86
Q

why is aluminium a good conductor?

A

delocalised electrons.

they are able to move between atoms are flow.

87
Q

Two ways of collecting gas?

A
  • test tube, downward displacement of water.

- gas syringe.

88
Q

Colour of Mg and MgO?

A

Gray silver

white

89
Q

Phenolphthalein?

A

colourless -> pink

H2SO4

90
Q

test for carbonate?

A

add named acid.

- test for CO2

91
Q

hydrogen chloride dissolved in water?

A

UI goes red

H+ ions

92
Q

hydrogen chloride dissolved in methylbenzene?

A

No color change.

No h+ ions formed.

93
Q

How does sacrificial protection work (2)

A

metal more reactive then other

metal reacts in preference to other.

94
Q

How can u find positive of metal x nitrate in re activity series?

A
  • make solution of x nitrate
  • add metal
  • if reaction occurs metal is more reactive then x
  • Work down the re-activity series till reaction occurs.
95
Q

What is the type of reaction that occurs with the rusting of iron?

A

oxidation

96
Q

Chemical test for chloride ions?

A

Silver nitrate solution.
Nitric acid.
White precipitate.

97
Q

HCL + Mg

A

MgCl2 + Cl2

98
Q

Exothermic reaction, increase the temperature?

A

Increase the rate of reaction.

Kinetic theory

99
Q

which side has the fewest gas molecules?

N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3

A

right, discount ratio!!!

100
Q

Ammonium nitrate

A

(NH4)(NO3)

101
Q

why is it difficult to get a an accurate formula for air?

A

Mixture of different gasses

102
Q

Advantage of using helium over hydrogen?

A

non-flammable

103
Q

Properties of Aluminium?

A

Malleable

Low density

104
Q

what type of reaction is the bromine water test?

A

Addition reaction

105
Q

a substance that can be added to lower PH?

A

Any acid.

106
Q

why has excess of substance X been used?

A

to displace all of other element.

107
Q

what colour does bromine turn most things?

A

Brown

108
Q

Carbonates are normally in …………. form?

A

solid

109
Q

Explain graphs points to include?

A

Trend
Linear, non-linear
Proportional?

110
Q

Why must litmus paper be damp before use?

A

water needed to form OH- or H+ ions

111
Q

suggest why the actual yield of ammonia is lower than the expected yield?

A

equilibrium not reached.

112
Q

Two features of a dynamic equilibrium?

A
  • rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

- forwards and backwards reactions still occurring.

113
Q

How is ammonia separated from un-reacted hydrogen and nitrogen?

A
  • mixture of gasses cooled.

- ammonia condenses.

114
Q

Burning alcohols: explain why students results are lower then data book entry’s?

A
  • Lost heat to surroundings

- Flame is moved around by draughts.

115
Q

How is energy given out during a reaction?

A
  • Braking bonds is endothermic/ takes in heat energy.
  • Making bonds is exothermic gives out energy
  • MORE HEAT ENERGY GIVEN OUT THEN TAKEN IN.
116
Q

How does carbon dioxide cause cloudlessness in limewater?

A

caused by formation of white precipitate

117
Q

What apparatus be used to collect dry oxygen gas

A

gas syringe

118
Q

Explain how carbon dioxide is effective in fire extinguishers

A

blankets the fuel.

prevents oxygen from reaching the fuel .

119
Q

testing for ammonium ions, why nitric acid?

A

to remove carbonate ions

120
Q

white precipitate with silver nitrate?

A

silver chloride

121
Q

what fuel is formed when C2H6 is cracked to make C2H4?

A

H2 hydrogen

122
Q

What is meant by the term bio degrade?

A

polymer breaks down, decomposes

by bacteria or microbes

123
Q

property that prevents addition polymers from easily bio degrading?

A

inert or unreactive

124
Q

Calculate relative atomic mass of isotope

1) mass 85 72%
2) mass 87 28%

A

(85 x 0.72) + (87 x 0.28) =

125
Q

colour when H2SO4 neutralizes the 2NaOH?

A

pink to colourless

Chemistry (20 decks)

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