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ChE 145 Long Exam 3 > [Topic 8] Plastic Industry > Flashcards

[Topic 8] Plastic Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Are synthetic materials made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be molded into shapes while soft and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.

A

Plastics

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2
Q

Any natural or synthetic organic compound consisting of a noncrystalline or viscous liquid that can be converted into polymers.

A

Resins

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3
Q

A substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits.

A

Polymer

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4
Q

Subunits of polymers

A

Monomers

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5
Q

Are combination of two or more materials with different physical or chemical properties.

A

Composite materials

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6
Q

Are plastics which are strengthened with fibers, fillers, particulates, powders and other matrix reinforcements to provide improved strength and/or stiffness.

A

Plastic composites

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7
Q

Is a manufacturing process of shaping materials into desired forms.

A

Molding

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8
Q

A matrix that dictates the shape and size of the final product.

A

Mold

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9
Q

Types of molding (4)

A
  1. Blow Molding
  2. Foam Molding
  3. Compression Molding
  4. Transfer Molding
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10
Q

Uses air pressure to transform plastic into hollow objects.

A

Blow Molding

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11
Q

Done by mixing a polymer with a gas under pressure, then allowing it to expand within a mold.

A

Foam Molding

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12
Q

Material is placed in a heated mold cavity and then a pressure is applied to force the material in contact with all the mold areas, and heat and pressure are maintained until the molding material has cured.

A

Compression Molding

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13
Q

The molding material is initially placed into a pre-molding stabilizing chamber. Then, under heat and pressure, the material is forced into the mold cavity.

A

Transfer Molding

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14
Q

It involves a chemical reaction that creates crosslinks between polymer chains, transforming the material from a soft or liquid state into a hard, infusible solid.

A

Curing

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15
Q

A heat treatment method used to eliminate any unacceptable stress that may result from the manufacturing process, improve dimensional stability, or increase the degree of crystallinity.

A

Annealing

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16
Q

Raw materials for plastic making (6)

A
  1. Filler
  2. Binder
  3. Catalyst
  4. Plasticizer
  5. Dyes and Pigments
  6. Lubricants
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17
Q

May be added to increase strength.

A

Filler

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18
Q

This is usually a resin or cellulose derivative used to bind molding composites.

A

Binder

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19
Q

Used to initiate the polymerization of monomers.

A

Catalyst

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20
Q

Are added to vary the properties of the cellulose derivatives and certain other thermoplastic resins to produce tough and resilient products.

A

Plasticizer

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21
Q

Added to give color of the plastic product

A

Dyes and pigments

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22
Q

used particularly in cold-molding compounds to facilitate the molding operation.

A

Lubricants

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23
Q

Inventor of Bakelite

A

Leo H. Baekeland

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24
Q

The first commercial plastic

A

Bakelite

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25
Q

Supply most of the basic needs for phenol, formaldehyde, dyes, solvents, maleic and phthalic anhydrides, and many other organic chemicals.

A

Coal mines and petroleum industry

26
Q

They are obtained from fusible intermediates which, under the influence of heat, pressure, and a catalyst, undergo chemical changes of condensation and polymerization to form a rigid final shape.

A

Thermosetting resins

27
Q

Once cured, it cannot be re-melted.

A

Thermosetting plastic

28
Q

They are typically formed by the reaction of compounds containing at least two active hydrogen atoms and epichlorohydrin.

A

Epoxy resins

29
Q

They are used to create products like boat hulls and electrical components.

A

Epoxy resins

30
Q

Are made from phenolic and aldehyde compounds.

A

Phenolic resins

31
Q

It is mainly used for circuit boards and other electrical applications due to its excellent electrical characteristics.

A

Phenolic resins

32
Q

Are man-made elastomers with networks of oxygen and silicon atoms.

A

Silicone resins

33
Q

It is mainly used in electrical insulations

A

Silicone resins

34
Q

Mostly obtained from substituted derivatives of ethylene which can be made to polymerize under the influence of heat and catalysts.

A

Thermoplastic resins

35
Q

They have linear and branched structures, which allows them to soften when heated and harden when cooled.

A

Thermoplastic polymers

36
Q

These types of plastics can be heated and remolded repeatedly.

A

Thermoplastics

37
Q

A plastic material made from the polymerization of ethylene monomer.

A

Polyethylene

38
Q

The most produced plastic but is also the most difficult to manufacture.

A

Polyethylene

39
Q

Cross-linking agent in the production of polyethylene.

A

Oxygen

40
Q

Are synthetic materials made from compounds having the vinyl (-CH-CH2) group.

A

Vinyl resins

41
Q

Fully acetylated cellulose is partly hydrolyzed to give an acetone-soluble product.

A

Cellulose acetate

42
Q

It is made by the pyrolysis of ethylbenzene, which is synthesized from ethylene and benzene.

A

Styrene resins or monomeric styrene

43
Q

PET or PETE

A

Polyethylene Terephthalate

44
Q

HDPE

A

High-density Polyethylene

45
Q

PVC

A

Polyvinyl Chloride

46
Q

LDPE

A

Low-density polyethylene

47
Q

PP

A

Polypropylene

48
Q

PS

A

Polystyrene

49
Q

Commonly recycled plastics (2)

A
  1. PET or PETE
  2. HDPE
50
Q

Sometimes recycled plastics (2)

A
  1. PVC
  2. LDPE
51
Q

Occasionally Recycled plastic (1)

A

PP

52
Q

Commonly recycled plastic but difficult to do (1)

A

PS

53
Q

Decomposition time of PET or PETE

A

5-10 years

54
Q

Decomposition time of HDPE

A

100 years

55
Q

Decomposition time of PVC

A

Never

56
Q

Decomposition time of LDPE

A

500-1000 years

57
Q

Decomposition time of PP

A

20-30 years

58
Q

Decomposition time of PS

A

50 years

59
Q

Examples of miscellaneous plastics (2)

A
  1. Shellac
  2. Lignin Plastics
60
Q

Obtained from a resinous material secreted by an insect, which is native in India.

A

Shellac

61
Q

Are made from woody materials.

A

Lignin plastics

62
Q

Is the binding material for the cellulose in live plants and in a few plastics.

A

Lignin

ChE 145 Long Exam 3 (12 decks)

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