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ChE 145 Long Exam 3 > [Topic 7] Pulp and Paper Industry > Flashcards

[Topic 7] Pulp and Paper Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Main structural polysaccharide of the plant cell wall.

A

Cellulose [(C6H5O10)n]

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2
Q

Made from fibrous material and usually in thin flat sheets.

A

Paper

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3
Q

A plant source for papyrus

A

Cyperus papyrus

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4
Q

Inventor of the printing press

A

Johaness Gutenberg

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5
Q

Three main types of pulp processing (3)

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Semi-chemical
  3. Mechanical/Thermomechanical
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6
Q

Raw materials for pulp processing (3)

A
  1. Wood fibers
  2. Cotton and linen rags
  3. Other applicable fibrous material
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7
Q

Soft wood

A

coniferous

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8
Q

Hard wood

A

deciduous

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9
Q

Conversion of wood into mass of liberated fibers

A

Pulping

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10
Q

Types of chemical pulping (3)

A
  1. Kraft (Sulfate) Process
  2. Soda Process
  3. Sulfite Process
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11
Q

meaning of the german word kraft

A

Strong

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12
Q

uses Na2SO4 and NaOH to pulp wood and can produce odoriferous chemicals during liquor cooking.

A

Kraft (Sulfate) Process

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13
Q

Is an essential factor of the Kraft Process

A

Black (spent) liquor recovery

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14
Q

True or false: Kraft process contains 95-98% of the total chemicals removed during cooking of the liquor.

A

True

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15
Q

Uses either Na2CO3 or Na2SO4 in cooking liquor.

A

Soda Process

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16
Q

It worked well only with deciduous (hard) wood.

A

Soda Process

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17
Q

Similar to Kraft Process but uses different chemicals in cooking liquor.

A

Sulfite Process

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18
Q

Sulfurous acid (H2SO3) is used instead of caustic (NaOH) solutions

A

Sulfite Process

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19
Q

Most common raw materials in sulfite process

A

Spruce

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20
Q

Primary waste product in sulfite process

A

Waste sulfite liquor

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21
Q

Process Flow of Kraft Process

A

Woodyard Section > Pulp Processing Section > Bleaching Section > Paper Processing Section > Liquor Recovery Section

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22
Q

In the pulp processing section, Na2SO4 is added to the white liquor, which was composed of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH created through _____________ .

A

Causticization

23
Q

Resulting liquor in pulp processing section

A

Black liquor

24
Q

Used for pre-bleaching

A

Chlorine gas (Cl2)

25
Q

It reduces Kappa Number

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment

26
Q

dimensionless number that measures the lignin content of pulp

A

Kappa Number

27
Q

Kappa number for paper

A

K < 5.00

28
Q

Main chemical used in bleaching

A

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)

29
Q

Used in pulp refining in the paper processing section.

A

Jordan Machine

30
Q

It delivers a uniform pulp slurry on the conveyor wires.

A

Headbox

31
Q

large amounts of dewatering

A

Rolling press

32
Q

Effectively remove moisture left after pressing

A

Dryers

33
Q

a dilute, white stock solution of hot water and fibers.

A

White water

34
Q

Four main sections of Fourdrinier Machine (4)

A
  1. Wet end section
  2. Wet press section
  3. Dryer section
  4. Calendar/Ironing section
35
Q

Black liquor is removed from washing of the pulp.

A

Liquor recovery section

36
Q

This is produced in the liquor recovery section to be added with Na2SO4 for cooking chipped wood.

A

White cooking liquor

37
Q

Two principal types of reaction in the sulfite process (2)

A
  1. Sulfonation and solubilization of lignin by the bisulfite ion
  2. Hydrolytic splitting of the cellulose-lignin complex
38
Q

The ______ from the Kraft Process can also be used as a cooking medium in neutral sulfite process.

A

Green liquor

39
Q

Type of semi-chemical pulping (1)

A
  1. Neutral Sulfite Process
40
Q

Pulp yields are usually at 65-80% compared to 50-55% for chemical pulping.

A

Semi-chemical pulping (Neutral sulfite)

41
Q

Absence of chemical treatment

A

mechanical pulping

42
Q

Uses HPHT to soften the lignin and make mechanical pulping more efficient.

A

Thermomechanical pulping

43
Q

Other Pulping Processes (4)

A
  1. Solvent Pulping
  2. Secondary Fiber Pulping
  3. Rag Pulping
  4. Dissolving Pulping
44
Q

other term for secondary fiber pulping

A

Recycled Fiber Pulping

45
Q

Used cotton as raw material

A

Rag pulping

46
Q

Post-treatment of high-quality sulfite pulp with NaOH

A

Dissolving Pulp

47
Q

Two Main Types of Paper manufacturing

A
  1. Wet Processes
  2. Dry Processes
48
Q

Two general processes of wet process

A
  1. Beating
  2. Refining
49
Q

Equipment used to beat plant fiber to make the paper stronger and more uniform.

A

Hollander Beater

50
Q

Used in pulp refining, deforming, defibering, and dispersing without cutting.

A

Jordan Engine (Conical Refiner)

51
Q

Other machine used in wet process.

A

Fourdrinier Machine

52
Q

Used because wet process is expensive and has complex equipment

A

Dry Process

53
Q

Also called as specialty papers

A

Coated papers

54
Q

Coating with a substance to produce specialty papers.

A

Sizing

ChE 145 Long Exam 3 (12 decks)

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