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ChE 145 Long Exam 3 > [Topic 5] Petroleum Industry > Flashcards

[Topic 5] Petroleum Industry Flashcards

1
Q

The Latin meaning for petroleum.

A

rock oil

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2
Q

Petroleum is also called as _____.

A

crude oil

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3
Q

It is a volatile, viscous liquid that is usually black with a greenish tinge in color.

A

Petroleum

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4
Q

It is formed from organic matter of marine deposits after undergoing high heat and pressure with no oxygen.

A

Petroleum

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5
Q

True or False: Petroleum is a renewable resources.

A

False: Nonrenewable

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6
Q

The estimated years recorded in 1989 when all of the petroleum in the world is used up due to its intensive consumption per day.

A

40 years (approximately 2030)

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7
Q

Considered as the father of the oil industry.

A

Colonel Edwin L. Drake

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8
Q

First modern petroleum well drilled near Titusville, Pennsylvania.

A

1858

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9
Q

Invention of the gasoline engine

A

1885

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10
Q

Invention of the diesel engine

A

1892

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11
Q

Petroleum products utilized by the Wright brothers to take the first man-made flight.

A

1903

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12
Q

Development of the cracking process

A

1942

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13
Q

Deep-water drilling of oil became mainstream

A

1949

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14
Q

physical changes

A

Petroleum separation

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15
Q

chemical changes

A

Petroleum conversion

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16
Q

Composition of crude oil (2)

A
  1. Aliphatic compounds
  2. Ring compounds
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17
Q

Straight-chained hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic compounds

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18
Q

ring-shaped, closed hydrocarbons and has higher boiling point

A

Ring compounds

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19
Q

Types of aliphatic compounds (3)

A
  1. N-paraffin series (alkanes)
  2. Iso-paraffin series (Iso-alkanes)
  3. Olefin series (alkenes)
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20
Q

It comprises the largest fraction of the crude oil.

A

N-paraffin series (alkanes)

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21
Q

Notable alkanes (2)

A
  1. hexane
  2. heptane
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22
Q

It is more desirable than n-paraffin but can only be formed from the refining process.

A

Iso-paraffin series (iso-alkanes)

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23
Q

Notable iso-alkanes (2)

A
  1. 2-methylpentane
  2. 2-methylhexane
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24
Q

It exists in very small quantities but mostly produced in the cracking process.

A

Olefin series (alkenes)

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25
True or False: Olefin series or alkenes are desired because of their anti-knock properties.
True
26
Notable alkenes (3)
1. Ethylene 2. Propylene 3. Butylene
27
Types of ring compounds (2)
1. Naphthene series (cycloalkanes) 2. Aromatic series (benzene)
28
Second most abundant compound found in crude oil.
Naphthene series (cycloalkanes)
29
It predominate in gas oils and lubricating oils.
Naphthene series (cycloalkanes)
30
Notable cycloalkanes (2)
1. Dimethylcyclopentane 2. Methylcyclohexane
31
Only small amounts are present in crude oil but are produced in the refining process.
Aromatic series (benzene)
32
It has high anti-knocking properties like olefins.
Aromatic series (benzene)
33
Notable benzenes (3)
1. Benzene 2. Toluene 3. Xylene
34
Process of petroleum separation
Crude oil pumping > Desalter > Heater > Distillation column > stripper/condenser
35
Petroleum Products (3)
1. Light distillates 2. Intermediate distillates 3. Heavy distillates
36
Light distillates (3)
1. Gasoline 2. Naphthas 3. Kerosene
37
Intermediate distillates (2)
1. Diesel 2. Gas oil
38
Heavy distillates (3)
1. Lubricating oil 2. Waxes 3. Asphalt
39
Temperature required for gasoline
20-70 degrees Celsius
40
Temperature required for naphthas
70-160 deg Cel
41
Temperature required for kerosene
160-250 deg cel
42
Temperature required for diesel and gas oil
250-350 deg cel
43
Temperature required for lubricating oil, waxes, and asphalt
350-370 deg cel
44
Located at the upper part of the distillation column and has low boiling points.
Light distillates
45
Located at the middle part of the distillation column and its boiling points are higher than light oils but lower than heavier oils.
Intermediate distillates
46
Located at the bottom part of the distillation column and has the highest boiling points, and not easily combustible.
Heavy distillates
47
It is considered as the most important petroleum product.
Gasoline
48
What is the critical measure used for gasoline.
Octane number
49
True or False: Gasoline's sulfur content should only be 0.01%.
False: 0.1%
50
It refers to any light oil product having properties intermediate between gasoline and kerosene.
Naphthas
51
It is used as commercial solvent in paints or for dry cleaning.
Naphthas
52
It is commonly consumed as a fuel for illuminating purposes.
Kerosene
53
It is also used as fuel for jet engines due to its higher flash point and lower freezing point.
Kerosene
54
It is a special grade of gas oil that has become an important specialty in recent years.
Diesel
55
An essential factor of quality for diesel.
Viscosity
56
It is originally used to enriched artificial gas and presently used as a fuel or in the gasoline cracking process.
Gas oil
57
It reduces friction between moving metal parts.
Lubricating oil
58
Additives used to improved lubricating oil (3)
1. antioxidants 2. detergents 3. antifoam compounds
59
It is called as paraffin wax for distinction.
Waxes
60
It is refined by separation through "sweating", progressive crystallization, and finished with acid treatment.
Waxes
61
It is used as a paving or roofing material for waterproofing.
Asphalt
62
Methods to alter asphalt (2)
1. heating 2. partial oxidation
63
Methods for Petroleum conversion (5)
1. Cracking 2. Polymerization 3. Alkylation 4. Hydrogenation 5. Isomerization
64
A process of converting large molecules into smaller ones by application of heat and/or catalyst.
Cracking
65
Charge stock for cracking
Gas oil
66
Temperature and pressure required in thermal cracking.
900-1100 deg F and 600-1000 psi
67
It uses aluminum silicates which lowers the pressure needed.
Catalytic cracking
68
True or False: Half of the total gasoline from crude oil is due to the cracking process.
True
69
Opposite of cracking where it is the binding of light molecules to each other.
Polymerization
70
Charge stock for polymerization
Olefins (unsaturated)
71
It attack the double bonds to lengthen the hydrocarbon chain.
Free radicals
72
It is a catalyst used in polymerization.
Solid phosphoric acid
73
It is an exothermic process that combines isoparaffins with olefins.
Alkylation
74
It relies on the reactivity of isobutane's tertiary carbon.
Alkylation
75
It produces high-octane products
Alkylation
76
A high-octane product that is a mixture of saturated, stable isoparaffins.
Alkylates
77
It is a process where hydrogen is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature to produce a more fully saturated product.
Hydrogenation
78
charge stock for hydrogenation
heavy oils
79
A process where the structure of a compound is changed without altering the number of atoms.
Isomerization
80
It is mostly used to produce isobutane needed for alkylation.
Isomerization
81
A catalyst used in isomerization at temperature of 250 deg F and pressure of 300 psi, achieving 45-55% conversion.
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

ChE 145 Long Exam 3 (12 decks)

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