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ChE 145 Long Exam 3 > [Topic 5] Petroleum Industry > Flashcards

[Topic 5] Petroleum Industry Flashcards

1
Q

The Latin meaning for petroleum.

A

rock oil

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2
Q

Petroleum is also called as _____.

A

crude oil

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3
Q

It is a volatile, viscous liquid that is usually black with a greenish tinge in color.

A

Petroleum

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4
Q

It is formed from organic matter of marine deposits after undergoing high heat and pressure with no oxygen.

A

Petroleum

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5
Q

True or False: Petroleum is a renewable resources.

A

False: Nonrenewable

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6
Q

The estimated years recorded in 1989 when all of the petroleum in the world is used up due to its intensive consumption per day.

A

40 years (approximately 2030)

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7
Q

Considered as the father of the oil industry.

A

Colonel Edwin L. Drake

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8
Q

First modern petroleum well drilled near Titusville, Pennsylvania.

A

1858

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9
Q

Invention of the gasoline engine

A

1885

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10
Q

Invention of the diesel engine

A

1892

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11
Q

Petroleum products utilized by the Wright brothers to take the first man-made flight.

A

1903

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12
Q

Development of the cracking process

A

1942

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13
Q

Deep-water drilling of oil became mainstream

A

1949

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14
Q

physical changes

A

Petroleum separation

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15
Q

chemical changes

A

Petroleum conversion

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16
Q

Composition of crude oil (2)

A
  1. Aliphatic compounds
  2. Ring compounds
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17
Q

Straight-chained hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic compounds

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18
Q

ring-shaped, closed hydrocarbons and has higher boiling point

A

Ring compounds

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19
Q

Types of aliphatic compounds (3)

A
  1. N-paraffin series (alkanes)
  2. Iso-paraffin series (Iso-alkanes)
  3. Olefin series (alkenes)
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20
Q

It comprises the largest fraction of the crude oil.

A

N-paraffin series (alkanes)

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21
Q

Notable alkanes (2)

A
  1. hexane
  2. heptane
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22
Q

It is more desirable than n-paraffin but can only be formed from the refining process.

A

Iso-paraffin series (iso-alkanes)

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23
Q

Notable iso-alkanes (2)

A
  1. 2-methylpentane
  2. 2-methylhexane
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24
Q

It exists in very small quantities but mostly produced in the cracking process.

A

Olefin series (alkenes)

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25
Q

True or False: Olefin series or alkenes are desired because of their anti-knock properties.

A

True

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26
Q

Notable alkenes (3)

A
  1. Ethylene
  2. Propylene
  3. Butylene
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27
Q

Types of ring compounds (2)

A
  1. Naphthene series (cycloalkanes)
  2. Aromatic series (benzene)
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28
Q

Second most abundant compound found in crude oil.

A

Naphthene series (cycloalkanes)

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29
Q

It predominate in gas oils and lubricating oils.

A

Naphthene series (cycloalkanes)

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30
Q

Notable cycloalkanes (2)

A
  1. Dimethylcyclopentane
  2. Methylcyclohexane
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31
Q

Only small amounts are present in crude oil but are produced in the refining process.

A

Aromatic series (benzene)

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32
Q

It has high anti-knocking properties like olefins.

A

Aromatic series (benzene)

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33
Q

Notable benzenes (3)

A
  1. Benzene
  2. Toluene
  3. Xylene
34
Q

Process of petroleum separation

A

Crude oil pumping > Desalter > Heater > Distillation column > stripper/condenser

35
Q

Petroleum Products (3)

A
  1. Light distillates
  2. Intermediate distillates
  3. Heavy distillates
36
Q

Light distillates (3)

A
  1. Gasoline
  2. Naphthas
  3. Kerosene
37
Q

Intermediate distillates (2)

A
  1. Diesel
  2. Gas oil
38
Q

Heavy distillates (3)

A
  1. Lubricating oil
  2. Waxes
  3. Asphalt
39
Q

Temperature required for gasoline

A

20-70 degrees Celsius

40
Q

Temperature required for naphthas

A

70-160 deg Cel

41
Q

Temperature required for kerosene

A

160-250 deg cel

42
Q

Temperature required for diesel and gas oil

A

250-350 deg cel

43
Q

Temperature required for lubricating oil, waxes, and asphalt

A

350-370 deg cel

44
Q

Located at the upper part of the distillation column and has low boiling points.

A

Light distillates

45
Q

Located at the middle part of the distillation column and its boiling points are higher than light oils but lower than heavier oils.

A

Intermediate distillates

46
Q

Located at the bottom part of the distillation column and has the highest boiling points, and not easily combustible.

A

Heavy distillates

47
Q

It is considered as the most important petroleum product.

A

Gasoline

48
Q

What is the critical measure used for gasoline.

A

Octane number

49
Q

True or False: Gasoline’s sulfur content should only be 0.01%.

A

False: 0.1%

50
Q

It refers to any light oil product having properties intermediate between gasoline and kerosene.

A

Naphthas

51
Q

It is used as commercial solvent in paints or for dry cleaning.

A

Naphthas

52
Q

It is commonly consumed as a fuel for illuminating purposes.

A

Kerosene

53
Q

It is also used as fuel for jet engines due to its higher flash point and lower freezing point.

A

Kerosene

54
Q

It is a special grade of gas oil that has become an important specialty in recent years.

A

Diesel

55
Q

An essential factor of quality for diesel.

A

Viscosity

56
Q

It is originally used to enriched artificial gas and presently used as a fuel or in the gasoline cracking process.

A

Gas oil

57
Q

It reduces friction between moving metal parts.

A

Lubricating oil

58
Q

Additives used to improved lubricating oil (3)

A
  1. antioxidants
  2. detergents
  3. antifoam compounds
59
Q

It is called as paraffin wax for distinction.

A

Waxes

60
Q

It is refined by separation through “sweating”, progressive crystallization, and finished with acid treatment.

A

Waxes

61
Q

It is used as a paving or roofing material for waterproofing.

A

Asphalt

62
Q

Methods to alter asphalt (2)

A
  1. heating
  2. partial oxidation
63
Q

Methods for Petroleum conversion (5)

A
  1. Cracking
  2. Polymerization
  3. Alkylation
  4. Hydrogenation
  5. Isomerization
64
Q

A process of converting large molecules into smaller ones by application of heat and/or catalyst.

A

Cracking

65
Q

Charge stock for cracking

A

Gas oil

66
Q

Temperature and pressure required in thermal cracking.

A

900-1100 deg F and 600-1000 psi

67
Q

It uses aluminum silicates which lowers the pressure needed.

A

Catalytic cracking

68
Q

True or False: Half of the total gasoline from crude oil is due to the cracking process.

A

True

69
Q

Opposite of cracking where it is the binding of light molecules to each other.

A

Polymerization

70
Q

Charge stock for polymerization

A

Olefins (unsaturated)

71
Q

It attack the double bonds to lengthen the hydrocarbon chain.

A

Free radicals

72
Q

It is a catalyst used in polymerization.

A

Solid phosphoric acid

73
Q

It is an exothermic process that combines isoparaffins with olefins.

A

Alkylation

74
Q

It relies on the reactivity of isobutane’s tertiary carbon.

A

Alkylation

75
Q

It produces high-octane products

A

Alkylation

76
Q

A high-octane product that is a mixture of saturated, stable isoparaffins.

A

Alkylates

77
Q

It is a process where hydrogen is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature to produce a more fully saturated product.

A

Hydrogenation

78
Q

charge stock for hydrogenation

A

heavy oils

79
Q

A process where the structure of a compound is changed without altering the number of atoms.

A

Isomerization

80
Q

It is mostly used to produce isobutane needed for alkylation.

A

Isomerization

81
Q

A catalyst used in isomerization at temperature of 250 deg F and pressure of 300 psi, achieving 45-55% conversion.

A

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

ChE 145 Long Exam 3 (12 decks)

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