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ChE 145 Long Exam 3 > [Topic 4] Soap and Detergent > Flashcards

[Topic 4] Soap and Detergent Flashcards

1
Q

Products formed by the chemical reaction called saponification.

A

Soap and detergent

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2
Q

What is saponification?

A

The process by which the chemical reaction takes place between an organic acid (fatty acids) and alkaline substance.

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3
Q

True or False: Organic acid (fatty acid) and alkaline substance have both a hydrophilic tail and hydrophobic head.

A

False: Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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4
Q

water-loving

A

Hydrophilic head

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5
Q

water-fearing

A

Hydrophobic tail

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6
Q

Difference between soap and detergent

A

In hard water, soap forms insoluble compounds reducing foaming and cleaning agent while detergent forms soluble or colloidal compounds.

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7
Q

Raw materials in soap production (2) based on chemical reaction of soap

A
  1. Triglyceride
  2. Lye (Sodium hydroxide)
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8
Q

By product in the soap production (1) based on chemical reaction of soap

A

Glycerin

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9
Q

A product made by the chemical reaction of oils/fats and an alkaline substance, resulting in long-chain carboxylic acid salts that have unique cleaning properties.

A

Soap

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10
Q

Typical soaps (7)

A
  1. Toilet soaps
  2. Deodorant soaps
  3. Floating soaps
  4. Transparent soaps
  5. Antimicrobial soaps
  6. Hard water soaps
  7. Shaving soaps
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11
Q

Ratio of tallow and coconut oil in toilet soaps

A

80/20 or 90/10

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12
Q

This agent prevents decomposition of perspiration in deodorant soaps

A

3,4,5-tribromosalicylanilide

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13
Q

Raw materials of soap production (6) based on PFD

A
  1. Oil
  2. Alkali
  3. Water
  4. Perfume
  5. Builders
  6. Colors
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14
Q

Process of soap production

A

Mixing > Mixing in Batch Reactor > Cooling Process > Molding > Drying > Cutting > Packaging

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15
Q

It is a compound that can remove unwanted substances from surfaces or textiles.

A

Detergent

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16
Q

It refers to unwanted substances from surfaces or textiles.

A

Soils

17
Q

A process in which detergent undergone.

A

Solubilization

18
Q

The molecules of detergent work as a cleaning agent as it aggregate in water into spherical clusters called micelles. Then micelles tend to attract dyes or oil-soluble water-insoluble compounds.

A

Solubilization

19
Q

Key components of detergents (3)

A
  1. Surfactants
  2. Builders
  3. Other Additives
20
Q

A key component of detergent used for the removal of oily soil, it is a cleaning regulator.

A

Surfactants

21
Q

Made up of phenyl-substituted n-alkanes of 11 to 14 carbon atoms.

A

Biodegradable detergent

22
Q

It is made up of straight chain alkylbenzenes, fatty alcohols/acids, oleum and undergo sulfonation.

A

Biodegradable detergent

23
Q

A key component of detergent used for removal of inorganic soil, it is a detergent-building such as phosphates.

A

Builders

24
Q

A key component of detergent that serves as foam regulators, corrosion inhibitors, fragrance, etc.

A

Other additives

25
Q

Types of Detergent (3)

A
  1. Anionic detergent
  2. Cationic detergent
  3. Non-ionic detergent
26
Q

Negatively charged heads

A

Anionic detergent

27
Q

Positively charge heads

A

Cationic detergent

28
Q

Heads are partially charged

A

Non-ionic detergent

29
Q

More effective than fat-derived soap as it creates more foam without compromising the cleaning ability of the surfactant.

A

Anionic detergent

30
Q

Usually used in laundry detergents and dishwashing liquids.

A

Anionic detergent

31
Q

Used in plastic cleaners, hair conditioners, and fabric softeners, disinfectants and antiseptics.

A

Cationic detergent

32
Q

Typically used in front-loading washing machines and dishwashers.

A

Non-ionic detergent

33
Q

Long, non-polar tail but a polar head that is not ionically charged.

A

Non-ionic detergent

34
Q

Raw materials in detergent production (4) based on PFD

A
  1. Surfactant
  2. Phosphate
  3. Silicate
  4. Dry Scrap
35
Q

Colorless liquid, sweet but no odor.

A

Glycerin

ChE 145 Long Exam 3 (12 decks)

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