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ChE 145 Long Exam 3 > [Topic 6] Glass Industries > Flashcards

[Topic 6] Glass Industries Flashcards

1
Q

It is a rigid, undercooled liquid having no definite melting point and is sufficiently high viscosity (greater than 10^12 Pa*s) to prevent crystallization.

A

Glass

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2
Q

It is formed by combining nonvolatile inorganic oxides through the decomposition and fusion of alkali and alkaline earth compounds, sand, and other ingredients.

A

Glass

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3
Q

The resulting product has a random atomic structure.

A

Glass

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4
Q

Properties of glass (8)

A
  1. completely vitrified product
  2. Transparent
  3. Hard
  4. Has the ability to be molded or shaped when heated
  5. Has high resistance to chemical attack
  6. Good electric insulator
  7. Brittle
  8. greater compressive strength than tensile strength.
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5
Q

Uses of Glass (9)

A
  1. Windows and doors
  2. Food and drinks packaging
  3. Tableware
  4. Insulation
  5. Conservatory
  6. Flacon for cosmetics and pharmaceutical
  7. Interior design and furniture
  8. Automotive and transport
  9. Medical technology, optical glass, biotechnology, etc.
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6
Q

Major ingredients for glass making (3)

A
  1. Sand (Silica - in the past)
  2. Lime
  3. Soda Ash
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7
Q

Important factor in glass making (2)

A
  1. Viscosity of molten oxides
  2. Relation between viscosity and composition
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8
Q

Classes of commercial glasses (7)

A
  1. Fused Silica or Vitreous Silica
  2. Alkali Silicates
  3. Soda-lime Glass or Soft Glass
  4. Lead Glass or Flint Glass
  5. Borosilicate Glass or Hard Glass
  6. Special Glasses
  7. Glass Fibers
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9
Q

It is made by pyrolysis of silicon tetrachloride or fusion of quartz and sand.

A

Fused Silica or Vitreous Silica

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10
Q

Fused Silica or Vitreous Silica is sometimes called as _______ .

A

Quartz Glass

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11
Q

True or False: Fused or Vitreous Silica has high expansion and can handle high temperature.

A

False: Low expansion

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12
Q

True or False: Fused or Vitreous Silica stays strong in heat better than other glasses.

A

True

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13
Q

Fused or vitreous silica is exceptionally transparent with _________ .

A

Ultraviolet light

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14
Q

It is made by melting sand and soda ash.

A

Alkali silicates

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15
Q

Composition ranges from Na2OSiO2 to Na2O4SiO2

A

Alkali silicates

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16
Q

True or False: Silicate of soda solution (or water glass) is used as paper adhesive and for fireproofing.

A

True

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17
Q

Higher alkaline types are used in _________ and ____________.

A
  1. Laundering
  2. Soap making
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18
Q

Constitutes 95% of all manufactured glass.

A

Soda-lime glass or soft glass

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19
Q

It is used for containers, flat glass, automobile, and other windows, tumblers, and tableware.

A

Soda-lime glass or soft glass

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20
Q

In the liquor trade, how do glassware was made resulting in difficult melting yet chemically resistant glass.

A

Made with high alumina and lime, low alkali

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21
Q

It was used as a decolorizer for better color.

A

Selenium

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22
Q

It is derived from replacing calcium oxide with lead oxide.

A

Lead or Flint Glass

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23
Q

Utilized in optics for its high refractive index and dispersion.

A

Lead or Flint Glass

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24
Q

High lead(PbO) content yields superior _______.

A

Cut glass

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25
Q

It is employed in electric light bulbs, neon signs, and radiotrons for its high electrical resistance.

A

Lead or Flint Glass

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26
Q

Lead or Flint Glass are ideal for _____________.

A

Nuclear radiation shielding

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27
Q

It has low expansion coefficient, superior resistance to shock, excellent chemical stability, and high electrical resistance.

A

Borosilicate or Hard Glass

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28
Q

Notable example of borosilicate or hard glass.

A

Pyrex laboratory glassware

29
Q

It is colored and coated, opal, translucent, safety, optical photochromic glasses, and glass ceramics.

A

Special Glasses

30
Q

True or False: Special glasses have fixed compositions because it does not depend on the final product desired.

A

False: Varying compositions depending on the final product desired

31
Q

It is produced from special glass compositions that are resistant to weather conditions.

A

Glass Fibers

32
Q

True or False: Glass fibers have large surface area which makes them vulnerable to moisture in air.

A

True

33
Q

True or False: Glass Fibers has high in silica (55%), high in alkali.

A

False: Low in silica (55%). low in alkali

34
Q

Raw materials for glass making (8)

A
  1. Sand
  2. Soda (Na2O)
  3. Lime
  4. Feldspars
  5. Borax
  6. Salt Cake
  7. Cullet
  8. Refractory Blocks
35
Q

It determines the glass factory’s location.

A

Sand

36
Q

True or False: For sand, it should consist of nearly pure quartz.

A

True

37
Q

True or False: Iron content should be higher than 0.45% for tableware; higher than 0.015% for optical glass.

A

False: below 0.45 for tableware; below 0.015% for optical glass

38
Q

It is supplied by dense soda ash.

A

Soda (Na2O)

39
Q

Other sources of soda (3)

A
  1. Sodium bicarbonate
  2. Salt cake
  3. sodium nitrate
40
Q

It later aids in oxidizing iron and speeding up melting.

A

Sodium nitrate

41
Q

It is sourced from limestone and burnt lime from dolomite (the latter introduces MgO into the batch).

A

Lime

42
Q

General formula of feldspars

A

R2OAl2O36SiO2

43
Q

It is cheap, pure, and fusible.

A

Feldspars

44
Q

It is composed entirely of glass-forming oxides.

A

Feldspars

45
Q

True or False: Alumina content lowers the melting point and retard devitrification.

A

True

46
Q

It supplies glass with NaO2 and boric oxide.

A

Borax

47
Q

It has high fluxing power, lowers expansion coefficient, and increases chemical durability.

A

Borax

48
Q

It is said to remove troublesome scum from tank furnaces and acts as oxidizing agent by removing impurities such as iron oxide and convert it to a form that can be easily removed from the molten glass.

A

Salt cake

49
Q

crushed glass from imperfect articles, trim, and other waste.

A

Cullet

50
Q

It facilitates melting and utilizes waste and can constitute 10% to 80% of the charge.

A

Cullet

51
Q

Used for their ability to withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming.

A

Refractory Blocks

52
Q

Four major phases/Methods for manufacturing of glasses (4)

A
  1. Melting
  2. Shaping/Forming
  3. Annealing
  4. Finishing
53
Q

Two types of furnace used in melting.

A
  1. Pot Furnace
  2. Tank Furnace
54
Q

Used for small-scale production of special glasses (optical and art glass by casting process)

A

Pot Furnace

55
Q

Pots are crucibles made of selected clay and platinum, latter is chosen to minimize product contamination and ensure furnace durability and longevity.

A

Pot Furnace

56
Q

Capacity is 2 tons or less

A

Pot Furnace

57
Q

Capacity is 1350 tons

A

Tank Furnace

58
Q

Dimensions of tank furnace

A

Approximately 3891.5 m

59
Q

Batch materials charged at one end, built from refractory block.

A

Tank Furnace

60
Q

Glass forms a pool in the hearth of the furnace.

A

Tank Furnace

61
Q

Refined glass exits from the opposite end through continuous operation.

A

Tank Furnace

62
Q

Ways for shaping or molding (2)

A
  1. Machine
  2. Hand molding
63
Q

In a short time, glass changes shape from viscous liquid to clear solid.

A

Shaping or molding

64
Q

Considerations when shaping or molding (3)

A
  1. Flow of heat
  2. Stability of metals
  3. Clearance of bearings
65
Q

Most common types of machine-shaped glass (8)

A
  1. Window glass
  2. plate glass
  3. float glass
  4. wired and patterned glass
  5. blown glass
  6. light bulbs
  7. television tubes
  8. glass tubing
66
Q

It is done to reduce strain.

A

Annealing

67
Q

Designed heated chamber which rate of cooling can be controlled.

A

Annealing lehr

68
Q

It includes cleaning, grinding, polishing, cutting, sandblasting, enameling, grading, and gaging.

A

Finishing

69
Q

PFD of float glass making

A

Crushing > Mixing > Melting > Shaping or Molding > Annealing > Finishing

ChE 145 Long Exam 3 (12 decks)

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