Topic 8 - Gas exchange Flashcards
What do the intercostal muscles do during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation = relax
Exhalation = contract
What are the 9 parts of the thorax? (9)
- Nasal cavity
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Bronchioles
- Lung
- Alveoli
- Diaphragm
- Intercostal muscles
- Ribs
What does the rib cage do during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation = up and out
Exhalation = down and in
What does the diaphragm do during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation = flattens/contracts
Exhalation = dome shape/relax
What happens to the volumeinside thoraciccavity during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation = increases
Exhalation = decreases
What happens to the pressureinside thoraciccavity during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation = decreases
Exhalation = increases
Air moves… during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation = in
Exhalation = out
What is the small flap at the top of the trachea called?
Epiglottis
What is the use of the epiglottis?
To stop food from going into the lungs by closing the end of the trachea when you swallow.
What does the trachea divide into?
At the bottom of the trachea it divides into two bronchi known together as the bronchus
What happens after the air is split into a bronchi?
Each bronchi subdivide again into a mass of fine branches known as bronchioles.
What is at the end of each bronchioles?
Tiny air sacs called alveoli.
What are alveolies covered in?
a dense network of capillaries
How thick are the alveolies?
one cell thick
What happens when the blood releases carbon dioxide?
diffuses into the alveoli to get exhaled
What happens to oxygen in the air sacs?
It gets diffused into the bloodstream to be taken to working muscles
What are the 4 types of smoking diseases? (4)
- Bronchitis
- Lung Cancer
- Coronary Heartdisease (CHD)
- Emphysema
What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of bronchitis?
It affects the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange because the airway is swelling to much and the mucus production narrow the airways and reduce the flow of oxygen-rich air into the lung and carbon dioxide out of the lung.
What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of Lung cancer?
Carcinogens start to negatively affect your lung tissue almost instantly. If the smoker continues to smoke the cells would have experienced too much damage and cause cancerous cells. Lung cancer starts to block the air way putting lots of pressure on the lungs and causing them to become inflamed.
What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of CHD?
CHD causes the airway to be cut off decreasing the volume of oxygen getting to the lungs causing a block up of carbon dioxide as it can’t be removed due to the blocked airway. This leads to impaired gas exchange or in other words causing the alveoli to become damaged decreasing the efficiently of gas exchange.
What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of Emphysema?
Emphysema damages the walls of the alveoli meaning it reduces the surface area of the alveoli resulting in the gas exchange to become inefficient. This is because less oxygen is being carried out
