Topic 8 - Gas exchange

Question 1

What do the intercostal muscles do during inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 1

Inhalation = relax
Exhalation = contract

Question 2

What are the 9 parts of the thorax? (9)

Answer 2

1. Nasal cavity
2. Trachea
3. Bronchus
4. Bronchioles
5. Lung
6. Alveoli
7. Diaphragm
8. Intercostal muscles
9. Ribs

Question 3

What does the rib cage do during inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 3

Inhalation = up and out
Exhalation = down and in

Question 4

What does the diaphragm do during inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 4

Inhalation = flattens/contracts
Exhalation = dome shape/relax

Question 5

What happens to the volumeinside thoraciccavity during inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 5

Inhalation = increases
Exhalation = decreases

Question 6

What happens to the pressureinside thoraciccavity during inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 6

Inhalation = decreases
Exhalation = increases

Question 7

Air moves… during inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 7

Inhalation = in
Exhalation = out

Question 8

What is the small flap at the top of the trachea called?

Answer 8

Epiglottis

Question 9

What is the use of the epiglottis?

Answer 9

To stop food from going into the lungs by closing the end of the trachea when you swallow.

Question 10

What does the trachea divide into?

Answer 10

At the bottom of the trachea it divides into two bronchi known together as the bronchus

Question 11

What happens after the air is split into a bronchi?

Answer 11

Each bronchi subdivide again into a mass of fine branches known as bronchioles.

Question 12

What is at the end of each bronchioles?

Answer 12

Tiny air sacs called alveoli.

Question 13

What are alveolies covered in?

Answer 13

a dense network of capillaries

Question 14

How thick are the alveolies?

Answer 14

one cell thick

Question 15

What happens when the blood releases carbon dioxide?

Answer 15

diffuses into the alveoli to get exhaled

Question 16

What happens to oxygen in the air sacs?

Answer 16

It gets diffused into the bloodstream to be taken to working muscles

Question 17

What are the 4 types of smoking diseases? (4)

Answer 17

1. Bronchitis
2. Lung Cancer
3. Coronary Heartdisease (CHD)
4. Emphysema

Question 18

What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of bronchitis?

Answer 18

It affects the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange because the airway is swelling to much and the mucus production narrow the airways and reduce the flow of oxygen-rich air into the lung and carbon dioxide out of the lung.

Question 19

What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of Lung cancer?

Answer 19

Carcinogens start to negatively affect your lung tissue almost instantly. If the smoker continues to smoke the cells would have experienced too much damage and cause cancerous cells. Lung cancer starts to block the air way putting lots of pressure on the lungs and causing them to become inflamed.

Question 20

What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of CHD?

Answer 20

CHD causes the airway to be cut off decreasing the volume of oxygen getting to the lungs causing a block up of carbon dioxide as it can’t be removed due to the blocked airway. This leads to impaired gas exchange or in other words causing the alveoli to become damaged decreasing the efficiently of gas exchange.

Question 21

What are the effect on gas exchange and respiration of Emphysema?

Answer 21

Emphysema damages the walls of the alveoli meaning it reduces the surface area of the alveoli resulting in the gas exchange to become inefficient. This is because less oxygen is being carried out