Topic 2 - Cells and organisation

Question 1

Label a plant and animal cell

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

Cells are the building blocks of life.

Question 3

Tissue

Answer 3

A group of cells with a similar structure doing the same job is called a Tissue. Each tissue performs a particular function within an organism.

Question 4

Organ

Answer 4

An organ is made up of different type of tissues working together to do a job.

Question 5

Organ system

Answer 5

A group of organs working together make an organ system.

Question 6

Organism

Answer 6

And a group of ORGAN SYSTEMS working together make a whole organism.

Question 7

Levels of Organisation

Answer 7

Cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism

Question 8

What are plant cell and what do they do?

Answer 8

Plant cells are the building blocks of plants. Photosynthesis is the major function performed by plant cells. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of the plant cell. It is the process of preparing food by the plants, by utilising sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.

Question 9

Animal cell

Answer 9

Animal cells are the building blocks that make up all living organisms in the kingdom Animalia. They give bodies structure, absorb nutrients to convert to energy, and help animals move

Question 10

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 10

Where most if the chemical reactions happen.

Question 11

What is cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 12

What is chloroplast?

Answer 12

Absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 13

What is vacuole?

Answer 13

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

Question 14

What is nucleus?

Answer 14

Contains genetic material which controls the cell activities.

Question 15

What is mitochondria?

Answer 15

Where most energy is released in respiration

Question 16

What is ribosomes?

Answer 16

Where protein synthesis happens

Question 17

What is cell wall?

Answer 17

Strengthens the cell and supports the plant

Question 18

Cellulose

Answer 18

A polysaccharide carbohydrate which forms fibresand is found in the cell walls of plant cells.

Question 19

Chlorophyll

Answer 19

A green, light-absorbing pigment found inside chloroplasts in plant cells.

Question 20

Differentiation definition?

Answer 20

The process by which undifferentiated cells become specialised for a specific function.

Question 21

What do neurons communicate through?

Answer 21

Electrochemical process

Question 22

What are the functions of the axon and dendrite?

Answer 22

Neurons have specialized cell parts calleddendritesandaxons. Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.

Question 23

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 23

a process that involves the cell gaining new sub-cellular structures in order for it to be suited to it’s role

Question 24

How are sperm cells specialised?

Answer 24

Specialised to carry the male’s DNA to the egg cell (ovum) for successful reproduction

Question 25

How are nerve cells specialised?

Answer 25

Specialised to transmit electrical signals quickly from one place in the body to the other

Question 26

How are muscle cells specialised?

Answer 26

Specialised to contract quickly to move bones or simply to squeeze, therefore causing movement

Question 27

How are root hair cells specialised?

Answer 27

Specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil as they are found in the tips of roots

Question 28

How are xylem cells specialised?

Answer 28

Specialised to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots

Question 29

How are phloem cells specialised?

Answer 29

Specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis (food) to all parts of the plants