Topic 2 - Cells and organisation Flashcards
Label a plant and animal cell
Cell
Cells are the building blocks of life.
Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure doing the same job is called a Tissue. Each tissue performs a particular function within an organism.
Organ
An organ is made up of different type of tissues working together to do a job.
Organ system
A group of organs working together make an organ system.
Organism
And a group of ORGAN SYSTEMS working together make a whole organism.
Levels of Organisation
Cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism
What are plant cell and what do they do?
Plant cells are the building blocks of plants. Photosynthesis is the major function performed by plant cells. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of the plant cell. It is the process of preparing food by the plants, by utilising sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
Animal cell
Animal cells are the building blocks that make up all living organisms in the kingdom Animalia. They give bodies structure, absorb nutrients to convert to energy, and help animals move
What is cytoplasm?
Where most if the chemical reactions happen.
What is cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is chloroplast?
Absorb light energy for photosynthesis
What is vacuole?
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid
What is nucleus?
Contains genetic material which controls the cell activities.
What is mitochondria?
Where most energy is released in respiration
What is ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis happens
What is cell wall?
Strengthens the cell and supports the plant
Cellulose
A polysaccharide carbohydrate which forms fibresand is found in the cell walls of plant cells.
Chlorophyll
A green, light-absorbing pigment found inside chloroplasts in plant cells.
Differentiation definition?
The process by which undifferentiated cells become specialised for a specific function.
What do neurons communicate through?
Electrochemical process
What are the functions of the axon and dendrite?
Neurons have specialized cell parts calleddendritesandaxons. Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.
What is cell differentiation?
a process that involves the cell gaining new sub-cellular structures in order for it to be suited to it’s role
How are sperm cells specialised?
Specialised to carry the male’s DNA to the egg cell (ovum) for successful reproduction
How are nerve cells specialised?
Specialised to transmit electrical signals quickly from one place in the body to the other
How are muscle cells specialised?
Specialised to contract quickly to move bones or simply to squeeze, therefore causing movement
How are root hair cells specialised?
Specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil as they are found in the tips of roots
How are xylem cells specialised?
Specialised to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots
How are phloem cells specialised?
Specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis (food) to all parts of the plants
