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Biology > Topic 7 - Respiration > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of respiration?

A

Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in all ourcells to release energy

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2
Q

What else does respiration release apart from energy? (not carbon dioxide or water)

A

The reaction also releases someheat which is used tomaintain steady body temperature.

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3
Q

What are the 5 things respiration supply energy for? (5)

A
  • Making protein
  • Chemical changes in cells
  • Cell division
  • Growth
  • Muscle contraction
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4
Q

Explain the process of respiration through our bodies? (food) (4 steps)

A
  1. Food is taken in
  2. The stomach and intestines digest the food. One of the products of this is glucose
  3. The blood stream now carries that glucose to the muscles
  4. Now the oxygen from the inhalation reacts with the muscles to make them contract
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5
Q

Is respiration the same as breathing?

A

RESPIRATION IS NOT BREATHING

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5
Q

Explain the process of respiration through our bodies? (air) (5 steps)

A
  1. Air is inhaled
  2. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs
  3. The bloodstream carries oxygen to muscles
  4. Now the glucose from the food reacts with the muscles to make them contract
  5. Carbon dioxide is given off from the working muscles and taken back into the bloodstream back to the lungs to be exhaled.
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6
Q

What is essential to all living processes?

A

RESPIRATION - ‘RESPIRATION’ IS CENTRAL TO ALLLIVING PROCESSES

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7
Q

What is Aerobic Respiration?

A

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy with using oxygen.

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8
Q

What are the 3 main points to aerobic respiration? (3)

A
  1. Requires oxygen
  2. Occurs in the mitochondria
  3. Produces more ATP (energy) than anaerobic respiration
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9
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen—>Carbon dioxide + water + (ATP)

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10
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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11
Q

What are glucose and oxygen in aerobic respiration?

A

Reactants

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12
Q

What is carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration?

A

Products

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13
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

Aerobic respiration mainly takes place in themitochondria

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14
Q

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration isa type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

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15
Q

What are the 4 main points of anaerobic respiration in animals? (4)

A
  • Does not require oxygen
  • Occurs in the cytoplasm
  • Anaerobic respirationgenerates less ATP than aerobic respiration.
  • Takes placewhen there is not enoughoxygen available
16
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Glucose —>Lactic acid + (ATP)

17
Q

What is the oxygen debt?

A

When there is a build up of lactic acid and their is not enough oxygen required to break down lacticacid

18
Q

What is the formula for the oxygen debt?

A

Lactic acid —> Carbon dioxide + water

19
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?

A

Glucose —> Ethanol + carbon dioxide

20
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?

A

ethanol and carbondioxide

21
Q

What do humans use anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi for? (3)

A

making bread, brewingalcohol and making biofuels

22
Q

What is the product of anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

The product of anaerobic respiration islactic acid (highly toxic, must be removed)

23
Q

What is ATP?

A

ATP is theenergy currency in cells.

24
Q

What is ATP used for?

A

Providing energy for cells when they need it for chemical reactions (ATP act a bit like tinybatteries)

25
Q

What are the 2 main points of ATP?

A
  • ATP releases its energy instantly in a single reaction.
  • The hydrolysis (broken down with water) of ATP releases a small amount ofenergy, ideal for fuelling reactions in the body.
26
Q

What happens when ATP is hydrolysed?

A

When ATP is hydrolysed (broken down with water) it forms ADP and inorganic phosphate, meaning 30.5kJ of energy are released.

27
Q

What are the 3 things ATP contain? (3)

A

ATP contains a sugar(ribose), a base(adenine) and threephosphate groups.

Biology (14 decks)

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