Topic 8

Question 1

What is shaping?

Answer 1

differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behaviour (reinforcing each step of a behaviour until the behaviour is exactly what you want)

Question 2

What are superstitions behaviours?

Answer 2

behaviour that occurs even though it does not produce the consequence

Question 3

What is the idea of behaviour chains?

Answer 3

most behaviours are actually complex combinations of simpler behaviours in a particular order

Question 4

What is task analysis?

Answer 4

breaking down a task into its component elements

Question 5

What is/does SD stand for?

Answer 5

Discriminative stimuli: is an antecedent stimulus that increases (or decreases) the frequency of a response because, in the past, that response has been reinforced (or punished) in the presence of that stimulus, and not reinforced (or punished) in the absence of that stimulus.

Question 6

What are the three steps of forward chaining?

Answer 6

1:reinforce performance of first component
2: reinforce require performance of first two components
3. and so on

Question 7

What is backward chaining?

Answer 7

same process as frontward chaining but starting with the last component (turning off the tap when learning to wash hands)

Question 8

What is graduated guidance?

Answer 8

where a teacher provides physical prompts to assist a learner with a task, gradually reducing the level of assistance as the learner becomes more proficient,