Topic 7 Flashcards
What is differential reinforcement?
A combination of reinforcement and extinction
What is differential reinforcement of low rates of responding?
Reinforcer is delivered contingent upon a low rate of responding during a certain period of time (only used if behavior can be tolerated in low levels
What is an example of DRL (Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding)?
On a road trip, child will get ice-cream at the end if they don’t ask “Are we there yet?” more than once an hour. If they exceed the limit no reinforcement
What is a full-session DRL?
reinforcement delivered if fewer than a specified number of responses occur in a period of time
What is spaced-responding DRL?
reinforcement delivered if a set amount of time passes between responses
What is an interval DRL?
session divided into time intervals and reinforcement delivered if behavior does not occur more than once per interval
Can DRL eliminate undesired behaviours?
no, only useful for reducing
What is Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Responding? (DRH)
reinforcer is delivered contingent upon a high rate of responding during a certain period of time (the behaviour is reinforced only if it occurs at least a set minimum number of times in a set time period)
Is DRH more useful to increase rates of desired behaviour or lower rates of undesirable behaviour?
results in more of the behaviour, so only useful to increase rates of desired behaviour
What is DRO?
Differential reinforcement of other behaviour (differential reinforcement of zero responding)
What is the definition of DRO?
reinforcer is delivered contingent upon the absence of the behaviour during a certain time
Can interval length change as behaviour occurs less?
yes, start with interval that works for the initial baseline of the behaviour
How do you use DRO?
implementing treatment will involve delivery of reinforcer when criteria are met
What are the two types of DRO?
Whole interval DRO: the problem must be absent the whole interval
Momentary DRO: the problem must be absent at the end of the interval for reinforcement
What is DRA?
Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviour: reinforcement of wanted behaviour and extinction of unwanted behaviour
What is a single stimulus assessment?
potential reinforcers presented individually multiple times in random orderings (see if the stimulus was approached or not)
What is paired stimulus assessment?
potential reinforcers are presented in pairs, each stimulus is presented with every other stimulus
What is multiple stimulus assessment without replacement?
potential reinforcers are presented in a full array, items chosen first are likely more reinforcing
When do you prompt the desirable behaviour?
before undesirable behaviour occurs, not after
