Topic 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the definition of punishment?
Occurrence of a behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the weakening of the behavior
What is the difference between reinforce and punish?
Reinforce: increase behaviour
Punish: decrease behaviour
What is positive punishment?
adding something aversive after a behaviour occurs decreases likelihood of that behaviour under the same conditions in the future
What is the definition of negative punishment?
removing something appetitive after a behaviour occurs decreases likelihood of that behaviour under the same conditions in the future
What is a punisher?
any event or stimulus that follows a operant response and decreases its future probability
What is the difference between positive and negative punishers?
Positive: presented as a consequence of a behaviour. decreases the future probability
Negative: when the event or stimulus is removed as the consequence of the behaviour
what is premack principle for reinforcement?
High-probability behaviour reinforces low-probability behaviour (Chocolate gets to be eaten if shoes are tied)
What is contingency?
the degree of correlation between a behaviour and its consequence. higher the contingency = stronger learning
What is contiguity?
nearness of events in time (temporal contiguity) or space (spatial contiguity)
How does less contiguity effect learning?
longer delay or distance between the behaviour and the punisher, the slower the learning
How does establishing operations make a punisher more effective?
If you’re deprived of dessert when you’re really hungry
What are some examples of positive punishment practices?
-overcorrection
-contingent exercise
-guided compliance
-physical restraint
What is positive practice?
ability to do the correct form of a behaviour for a period of time
What is restitution?
Must fix the environment disrupted by the problem behaviour
What is guided compliance?
contingent on problem behaviour that occurs following a request, the individual is physically guided to comply with the request
What is response blocking?
physically stopping a behaviour from being completed
What is the difference between exclusionary or nonexclusionary?
Exclusionary: completely removed from the location
nonexclusionary: prevented from participating, but still in location
(Time out)
What is a response cost?
a specified amount of reinforcer is removed (swear jar)
What is escape learning?
when an operant changes the environment from a situation where a negative reinforcer is present to one where it is absent
What is avoidance learning?
When an operant prevents the occurrence of an aversive stimulus, different from escape learning, as they figure out how to stop the stimulus before it occurs
What is one of punishments downfalls?
doesn’t teach acceptable behaviors. only decreases behaviour
