Topic 12 Flashcards
What is fear?
operant and respondent behaviour produced in response to a specific stimulus
What is anxiety?
the respondent behaviour involved in autonomic arousal
Is there a meaningful behavioral distinction between fear and anxiety
No! some distinguish on the basis of whether the threat is known
What is the difference between operant and respondent behaviour?
respondent: body’s automatic response (involuntary)
Operant: learned, voluntary
What are the six anxiety disorders?
-Separation
-Specific Phobias
-Social Anxiety Disorder
-Panic disorder
-Agoraphobia
-Generalized anxiety disorder
What is the main point for relaxation training procedures?
train behaviours that produce bodily responses incompatible with autonomic arousal
What is PMR (progressive muscle relaxation)
a relaxation training procedures, tense and relax each muscle group in the body until a more relaxed state is achieved
What is diaphragmatic breathing?
relaxation training procedures, focus on deep, slow, rhythmic breathing to produce relaxation (breath from diaphragm rather than the chest)
What is attention focusing?
a relaxation training procedure, focus attention on words or images to remove attention from anxiety-producing thought and/or images
What is behavioral relaxation training?
assume relaxed postures in all major parts of the body (client learns to behave as a relaxed individual would)
How is behavioral relaxation training different then progressive muscle relaxation?
the same but in behavioral relaxation you don’t tense you muscles before relax
What is Subjective Units of Discomfort scale?
ranks stimuli on a scale of 0(least fearful) to 100 (most fearful),
a process that clients work through while doing systematic desensitization
Is systematic desensitization just imaging fearful things?
yes, clients practice relaxation techniques while imaging progressively higher-anxiety stimuli
What is Vivo Desensitization?
individual with phobia encounters real stimuli that scares them in a progressive way, while practicing relaxation
What is flooding?
client is exposed to the real feared stimulus at maximum intensity until it no longer produces a fear response
What is modelling?
Fear Reduction procedures:
-client observes another person engaging with the feared stimulus in a positive way
What is the difference between a public event and overt behaviour?
-Nothing! They both refer to behaviour that is observable by a person other than the one engaging in the behaviour
What is the difference between private event and covert behaviour?
Nothing! both refer to behaviour that is only observable to the person who produces it
Can labels lead to circular reasoning?
yes, ex:
1. Timmy is quiet and doesn’t talk to others, labeled as shy
2. Why doesn’t timmy talk to others? because his is shy
What is cognitive restructuring?
approach where the goal is to replace distressing thoughts with more desirable (rational or functional) thoughts
What are cognitive coping skills?
approach where the goal is to learn cognitive skills that help promote the desirable behaviour and use them in related problem situations
What is the difference between “all or nothing thinking” or overgeneralization?
All or nothing: interpret things as black or white
Overgeneralization: over-apply evidence from one experience to multiple others
What is the difference between disqualifying the positive and magnification and minimization?
Practically the same: discount or ignore positive aspects but magnification also includes blow negative events out of proportion
What is Labeling and Mis-labelling?
Cognitive distortion: applying labels to yourself and others, which can change your views (I’m dumb)
