topic 6.3.1: ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

how is energy lost between trophic levels

A

respiration and excretion

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2
Q

what is the equation for biomass efficiency

A

biomass transferred/ biomass intake x100

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3
Q

how is biomass measured

A

dry mass/ given area

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4
Q

how can humans manipulate transfer of biomass

A

-restricting movement
-higher energy food
-keeping warm
-removing competition/predators

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5
Q

N2

A

atmospheric nitrogen

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6
Q

NO2-

A

nitrite ions

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7
Q

NO3-

A

nitrate ions

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8
Q

NH2

A

amine group

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9
Q

NH3

A

ammonia gas

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10
Q

NH4+

A

ammonium ions

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11
Q

what are the 5 stages of the nitrogen cycle

A

fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, denitrification

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12
Q

fixation

A

N2 -> NH3
symbiotic relationship
anaerobic

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13
Q

rhizobium

A

fixes nitrogen inside root nodules

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14
Q

azotobacta

A

fixes nitrogen in soil

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15
Q

nitrification

A

NH3 -> NO2- -> NH3-
oxidation

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16
Q

nitrosomonas

A

ammonia to nitrites

17
Q

nitrobacters

A

nitrite to nitrate

18
Q

assimilation

A

NO3- -> NH2

19
Q

ammonification

A

NH2 -> NH3
saphrobionts and detritivores

20
Q

denitrification

A

NO3 -> N2
reduction, anaerobic
soil

21
Q

carbon cycle- photosynthesis

A

fixed during calvin cycle (rubisco carboxylates rubp)

22
Q

carbon cycle- sedimentation

A

dead plants form layers of sediment, storing carbon

23
Q

carbon cycle- respiration

A

released from link and krebs, and fermentation

24
Q

carbon cycle- decomposition

A

detritivores feed on dead matter
saprophytes decay dead matter
carbon released

25
Q

what is succession

A

change in ecological community over time

26
Q

3 stages of primary succession

A

pioneer comm, intermediate comm, climax comm

27
Q

pioneer community

A

colonies bare rock or sand, adapted for harsh abiotic factors, forms humus, low range and short life cycle

28
Q

intermediate community

A

mosses and smaller plants survive, increased nutrient content of soil

29
Q

climax community

A

trees, larger range, longer life cycle, outcompetes previous species, most stable

30
Q

deflected succession

A

human activity prevents climax community