topic 2.1.1: cell structure

Question 1

res, mag, adv + dis

describe the features of a light microscope

Answer 1

low res, 2000 mag, simple and cheap

Question 2

res, mag, adv + dis, how

describe the features of a transmission electron microscope

Answer 2

high res, 500,000 mag, 2D, complex prep, electrons move through and around

transmission = through
through = high res

Question 3

res, mag, adv + dis, how

describe the features of a scanning electron microscope

Answer 3

lower res, 100,000 mag, 3D, complex prep, electrons reflect

Question 4

how would you stain a slide?

Answer 4

pass slide through flame so specimen adheres, +stain sticks to structures

Question 5

describe the structure and function of a nucleus

Answer 5

nuclear envelope (double memb) and nucleolus (makes ribosomes), contains genetic info

Question 6

describe the structure and function of a smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

synthesises and processes lipids

Question 7

describe the structure and function of a rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

synthesises and transports proteins

Question 8

describe the structure and function of a golgi apparatus

Answer 8

fluid filled, memb bound sacs, processes and packages lipids and proteins

Question 9

describe the structure and function of a ribosome

Answer 9

made of proteins and rRNA, not memb bound, site of protein synthesis

Question 10

describe the structure and function of a mitochondria

Answer 10

contains matrix (liquid), double memb, inner called cristae, site of aerobic respiration

Question 11

describe the structure and function of a lysosome

Answer 11

contains hydrolytic enzymes, surrounded by membrane, digests invading cells and waste

Question 12

describe the structure and function of a plasma membrane

Answer 12

made of lipids and proteins, controls movement of substances, cell signalling

Question 13

describe the structure and function of a centriole

Answer 13

made of microtubules, separate chromosomes

Question 14

describe the structure and function of a chloroplast

Answer 14

contains fluid filled sacs called thylakoids which stack to form grana, double memb encloses stroma (fluid), site of photosynthesis

Question 15

describe the process of protein synthesis in relation to organelles

Answer 15

ribosomes: proteins produced
RER: folded and processed
vesicles: transport
golgi apparatus: modified

Question 16

type, size, DNA, ribosomes, organelles, cell wall

describe the features of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

uni and multicellular, 10-100 micrometers, linear DNA in nucleus, 80S ribosomes, memb and non organelles, cellulose or chitin wall

Question 17

type, size, DNA, ribosomes, organelles, cell wall

describe the features of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 17

unicellular, 0.1-5 micrometers, circular DNA in cytoplasm, 70S ribosomes, non memb bound organelles, murein walls