topic 2.1.4: enzymes

Question 1

what is a temperature coefficient?

Answer 1

the ratio between the rates of that reaction at two different temperatures (R2/R1).
in enzyme controlled reactions, rate doubles with every 10℃ increase

Question 2

what is an intracellular enzyme with eg?

Answer 2

acts within cell that produced it
eg catalase, catalyses breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. prevents accumulation of toxic hydrogen peroxide inside cells

Question 3

what is an extracellular enzyme with eg?

Answer 3

acts outside cell
eg amylase, secreted by salivary glands, pancreas, and small intestine to break down starch into maltose

Question 4

outline the action of a competitive enzyme inhibitor

Answer 4

bind to active site to prevent ESC, decreases rate, temporary, +sub +rate

Question 5

outline the action of a non competitive enzyme inhibitor

Answer 5

bind to allosteric site, changes tertiary structure so no ESC, +sub no change

Question 6

what is a cofactor? +eg

Answer 6

non protein substances, bind to enzyme to increase activity
eg Cl- for amylase

Question 7

what is a coenzyme? +eg

Answer 7

organic cofactors derived from vitamins