Topic 6 Long Term Memory pt 1 Flashcards
True or False: Memory is localized in one area of the brain
False: Certain types of memory can be localized, but almost every part of the brain is involved in memory or learning due to some changes in the nervous system;
memory is pervasive
what do the different aspects of memory have in common?
They all have a common underlying representation: # of synapses and strength of synapses connections between neurons
short term memories that require active maintenance
human: sensory, short-term, and working memory
Can attention be both transient and selective?
Yes, such as when you are trying to find the difference in the Flicker experiment. It is transient because you are looking for things seconds at a time, but also selective because we focus our attention on the particular object
can change blindness happen in other senses?
yes it can, but it is most easily seen in vision
how is new memory stored in the brain?
when new memories are formed, synaptic strengths either get stronger, weaker, or new synapses will form
short term memories include:
working memory, short term memories, and sensory
______ needs active maintenance whereas _____ needs passive storage
STM needs active maintenance whereas LTM needs passive storage
where memory is stored is _____(the same/ different) as/from where memory is processed
where memory is stores is the same as where memory is processed
In humans, interpretation of synapses depend on _______.
In humans, interpretation of synapses depend on location in the nervous system (eg, synapses in V1 represents vision, and synapses in cerebellum represents motor control and coordination)
How is memory accessed in humans?
In humans, memory is accessed based on content (eg, “what do you know about pandas?”
If Jane were to ask you, “what do you know about pandas?” The word “panda” is a _______
retrieval cue
You are asked to repeat words back to the coordinator in the same order it was presented. What kind of memory task is this? (STM, LTM)
this is a short term memory task
You are asked to repeat words back to the coordinator, but it does not have to be in the same order it was presented. What kind of memory task is this? (STM, LTM)
long term memory task
What are the long term memory processes? (5 points)
- ) encoding *
- ) consolidation
- ) storage *
- ) retrieval *
- ) reconsolidation?
memory span is to ____ whereas list learning is to ______
memory span is to STM, whereas list learning is to LTM
what is the timescale and and capacity of STM?
timescale: seconds
capacity: extremely limited
what is the timescale and capacity of LTM?
timescale: minutes, hours, days, years
capacity: massive
why is single dissociation not a good way to conclude that STM and LTM are separable systems? (2 points)
- ) partial damage argument
2. ) compensation argument
why is a double dissociation technique better than single dissociation?
It rules out the partial damage and compensation argument; in a system, STM or LTM cannot be both harder or easier, so the only option left is that STM and LTM are separable systems
The Lexical Decision Task is to test ________
the Lexical Decision task is to test semantic priming
In The Lexical Decision Task, where are unrelated - related word pairs shown in the brain?
left anterior temporal cortex
In The Lexical Decision Task, where are the related - unrelated word pairs shown in the brain?
left inferior parietal cortex
You are given 24 old words and 24 new words. You have to identify the new words. What kind of memory task is this? (STM/LTM; what kind of STM/LTM)
LTM: Implicit memory
You are given 24 old words and 24 new words. You have to say “yes” or “no” if words are from the list. What kind of memory task is this? (STM/LTM: what kind of STM/LTM)
LTM: Explicit memory
true or false: implicit memory depends on our conscious awareness
false: implicit memory is independent of our conscious awareness
habitauation
reduced response to an unchanging stimulus
sensitization
increased response to an unchanging stimulus
which of the following implicit memory depends on our sensory-motor reflex pathways?
non - associative memory (habituation and sensitization)
Habituation in sea slugs
Pre- synaptic depression
- same AP
- reduced NT release
- smalled EPSP
Sensitization in sea slugs
Pre-synaptic facilitation
- same AP
- increase NT release
- larger EPSP
Implicit memory -> procedural learning
which loop is responsible for motor adaptation?
cerebellar loops
Implicit memory -> procedural learning
which loop is responsible for motor sequence learning?
cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical loop
someone is throwing darts with prism goggles whereby everything they see is shifted to the left . If that person has a cerebellar lesion, what can you expect if they throw darts at a target?
The person will never adjust to the distortion and wont be able to hit the target, even after a few sessions
Alex is throwing darts with prism goggles whereby everything they see is shifted to the left. Alex is perfectly healthy with no brain damage. What can you expect if they throw darts at a target?
At first, Alex will not hit the target. But after a few tries, he will be able to hit the target due to cerebellum’s ability for motor adaptation
what part of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop represents prediction error?
substantia nigra pars compacta
What parts of the brain is responsible for priming?
sensory cortices (eg, occipital lobe for vision) unimodal and multimodal association corticves (eg, anterior temporal, inferior parietal, prefrontal cortex)
What are the types of priming
- ) perceptual priming
- ) conceptual priming
- ) semantic priming
What is perceptual priming?
when you think of a word because it looks the same as what you were primed with
You are given a list to remember (bottle, envelope, mirror). Then you were given a test cue of “stationary”. You are more likely to say “envelope” to the given test cue. Why is this?
You have undergone conceptual priming whereby seeing “envelope” before hand and then presented with “stationary” as a test cue resulted in increased likelihood to say “envelope” as an answer
define semantic priming
when you are primed with a target, you are more likely to be faster to think of a semantically related word than if you were not primed with a target. For example, you are primed with “envelope”. You are more likely to think of a semantically related word like “letter” if we were previously primed with “envelope”
Korsakoff Syndrome
- severe amnesia due to alcoholism
- deficit of forming new episodic memories
In individuals with Korsakoff Syndrome, how will the results be when presented with the Gollin task?
Although they wont remember doing the task due to deficit of forming new episodic memories, they are still able to improve in the Gollin task due to implicit memory (perceptual priming)
Gollin task is to ______ priming and Lexical decision task is to ______ priming
perceptual priming ; semantic priming
Jane has previously been primed with “chair”. Which of the following will she be faster to recognize as a word?
glasses, watch, couch, mirror
couch, because it is most semantically related to chair. And Jane has been semantically primed through the Lexical task.
which part of the brain is responsible for implicit memory -> motor skill learning?
- ) motor sequence -> cortico basal ganglia thalamo cortical loop
- ) motor adaptation -> cerebellar loop
