Topic 4 Action pt 2 Flashcards
A person has problems with pattern movements as well as range of movements (eg touching their head then touching their nose). This person likely has damage to their ________
cerebellum
White matter of cerebellum
arbor vitae
gray matter of cerebellum
folia
which ventricle is seen adjacent to the cerebellum?
4th ventricle
How many granule cells are there in the cerebellum ?
50 billion (3/4 of all the neurons in the brain)
cerebellum
- uses forward model to predict results of motor command
- uses difference between actual results and predicted results for online error correction and motor learning
- feedback control
less feedback leads to ______ error
less feedback leads to greater error
What does Fitt’s Law describe?
Fitt’s Law describes the speed/accuracy tradeoff in pointing motions
In Fitt’s Law, what does a and b represent?
a = initiation time for limb b = relative pace of limb
If you want to reach a distance D in less time, what must happen to W?
If you want to reach a distance (D) in less time, target must get wider (W)
If you want to reach a greater distance (D) in the same amount of time, what must happen to W?
If you want to reach a greater distance (D) in the same amount of time, target must get wider (W)
Axons from M1 synapse directly onto
Axons from M1 synapse directly onto lower motor neurons
Local circuit neuron
interneuron
Is inhibition of a reflex possible?
yes, as long as we plan to inhibit reflex before the reflex happens
What can local circuits in spinal cord do? (3 points)
- can control complex movement
- can respond to environmental changes
- do not require higher level inputs
Where do lower motor neurons synapse?
directly on the mm fibers
what causes mm fibers to contract?
release of neurotransmitters cause mm fibers to contract. Once contracted, the mm spindles send signals back to the spinal cord via dorsal root ganglia
What happens with finer motor control?
for limbs with finer motor control, each motor neuron innervates fewer mm fibers
intracellular electrical recording ( 3 points)
- used mostly in vitro
- voltage clamp / current clamp
- patch clamp
extracellular electrical recording (3 points)
- single unit recording
- multi- electrode recording
- field potentials
in vitro
used to describe work that’s performed outside of a living organism
in vivo
used to describe work that’s performed within an entire living organism
what do we use to research awake animals?
in vivo multi-electrode recording (extracellular electrical recording) on awake animals
when do we use intracellular electrical recordings?
used in in vitro (performed outside of a living organism)